Research Article
Year 2019,
, 1363 - 1372, 14.01.2020
Abstract
References
- Eiceman, G. A., Karpas, Z. (1994). Ion Mobility Spectrometry. CRC Press: Boca Raton, Florida, 1994. Creaser, C. S., Griffiths, J. R., Bramwell, C. J., Noreen, S., Hill, C. A., Thomas, C. L. P. (2004) Ion Mobility Spectrometry: a review. Part 1. Structural analysis by mobility measurement. The Analyst 2004, 129, 984- 994. Committee on R&D Needs for Improving Civilian Medical Response to Chemical and Biological Terrorism Incidents (1999), I. o. M., Detection and Measurement of Chemical Agents. In Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response, National academy press: Washington, D.C., 1999; pp 43-64. Sun, Y., Ong, K. Y. (2005). Detection technologies for Chemical Warfare Agents and Toxic Vapors. 1st ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, Florida, 2005; p 272. Brittain, A., Brokenshire, J. Ion Mobility Spectrometry - Past, Present and Future. In Graseby Dynamics Ltd. Hofacre, K.; Derringer, T.; Folsom, D.; Larkowski, P.; Kelly, T.; Sinnott, L.; Hamilton, C.; Willenberg, Z. (2004а). Bruker Daltonics Inc. RAID-M Ion Mobility Spectrometer; Battelle: Columbus, Ohio, April, 2004; pp 1-45. ECAM - Enhanced Chemical Agent Monitor. In Smiths Detection Technical Information, Smiths Detection. CAM- 2 Chemical Agent Monitor. In Smiths Detection Technical Information, Smiths Detection. Longworth, T. L., Ong, K. Y. (2001). Domestic Preparedness Program: Testing of the CAM-Chemical Agent Monitor (Type L) against Chemical Warfare Agents Summary Report; Aberdeen Proving Grounds, Maryland, August, 2001; pp 1-19. Longworth, T. L., Ong, K. Y. (2001a). Domestic Preparedness Program: Testing of Detectors Against Chemical Warfare Agents - Summary Report; UC AP2C Portable Chemical Contamination Control Monitor Collective Unit; Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, May, 2001; pp 1-20. Technologies: RAID-M Handheld Chemical Agent Detector. Daltonics, B., RAID-M-100 (based on the RAID-M), Hand-held Chemical Agent Monitor. In Bruker. Baranoski, J. M., Longworth, T. L. (2003). Domestic Preparedness Program Evaluation of the RAID-M (Bruker Saxonia Analytik GmbH Rapid Alarm and Identification Device- Monitor) Against Chemical Warfare Agents Summary Report; Aberdeen Proving Grounds, Maryland, GID-3 - Chemical Warfare Agent Detection System GID-3. In Smiths Detection Technical Information, Smiths Detection. GID-3 Chemical Warfare Agent Detection System. In Smiths Detection; GID-3 - Chemical Warfare Agent Detection System GID-3. In Smiths Detection Technical Information, Smiths Detection. Lancaster, P. A. (2006). Detection and Monitoring of Chemical Warfare Agents; Human Protection and Performance Division, DSTO: 2006. LCD-3 - Lightweight Personal Chemical Detector LCD-3 series. In Smiths Detection Technical Information, Smiths Detection. LCD- Lightweight Chemical Detector. In Smiths Detection. Taylor, S. J. (2002). LCD-3 Technical product Specification. In Smiths Detection: 2002. AP2C. (2007). Chemical Warfare Agent Detector. In Arrow - Tech: Vol. 2007. AP2Ce (2008). http://www.proengin.fr/fp_ap2ce.htm (19 August 2008). Coutant, S. (1999a) Features, Chemical Warfare Agent Detection and Personal Protection. Jane's Defence Weekly 1999. Chemical and Biological Defense Primer. (2001b). USA, October, 2001; pp 1-20. Kosal, M., E. (2003). The Basics of Chemical and Biological Weapons Detectors; Center for Nonproliferation Studies: USA, November 24, 2003. CAM - Chemical Agent Monitor. In Smiths Detection Technical Information, Smiths Detection. GID -2A - Chemical Warfare Agent Detection System. In Smiths Detection. Pearson, G. S. (1990). Chemical and Biological Warfare. Journal of Naval Engineering 1990, 32, (2), 190-207. Making the UK safer: detecting and decontaminating chemical and biological agents, (2004). The Royal Society: April, 2004; pp 1-50. Improved Sensors needed for CB Agents. (1996). Jane's Defence Weekly 14 August, 1996, pp 19-21. Davis, G. CBRNE - Chemical Detection Equipment. Traeger, J. C. (2006). Strategy for Incidental Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents by Australian Customs; 2006; pp 1-8. Nieuwenhuizen, M. S. (2006a). Detection and Screening of Chemicals Related to the Chemical Weapons Convention. In Encyclopaedia of Analytical Chemistry, Meyers, R. A., Ed. John Wiley & Sons Ltd: 2006; pp 1-17. Petkova - Georgieva, St. (2018). Basic Problems to Solve in Strategic Controlling Implementation, annual of “Prof. Dr. Assen Zlatarov”, pp. 71 - 77, v. XLVII, book 2, Burgas, Bulgaria, 2018, ISSN 2603-3976. Terziev, V., Petkova - Georgieva, S. (2019). The performance measurment system key indicators and the determinants impact on the level of decentralization using as an example a subdivisional unit from the Bulgarian social health and care experience. // Proceedings of SOCIOINT 2019- 6th International Conference on Education, Social Sciences and Humanities 24-26 June 2019- Istanbul, Turkey, International Organization Center of Academic Research, Istanbul, Turkey, 2019, pp. 515-524, ISBN: 978-605-82433-6-1 Terziev, V., Petkova - Georgieva, (2019а). S. A research study of nonlinearity experiencing in the rate of current account deficit to the Bulgarian health and care national product. // Proceedings of SOCIOINT 2019- 6th International Conference on Education, Social Sciences and Humanities 24-26 June 2019- Istanbul, Turkey, International Organization Center of Academic Research, Istanbul, Turkey, 2019, pp. 525-533, ISBN: 978-605-82433-6-1.
Year 2019,
, 1363 - 1372, 14.01.2020
Abstract
Presently, there is no single detector which has
all the desirable capabilities and performance functions, and currently
available detectors all vary considerably in cost, performance and reliability.
As such care must be taken to select a detector based on the abovementioned
factors and operational requirements. Furthermore, many detector manufacturers
make claims based on their own testing, some of which have not been thoroughly
verified by third party laboratories. In this case we have only different
stages of the same process: hazardous chemical is used in the production; concerning
the hazards and subsequent problems with the legislative regulations of the
finances, producers start to search for alternative technology; technology is
developed and implemented; technology is used for making majority of the
related product without the use of hazardous substance. In the example of phosgene
– this process just begun in the near past, in the case of hydrogen cyanide –
the process is near the end, and in case of other chemical process is at the
end. The old technology with a hazards replaced by new
one – more friendly to the environment and human health.
References
- Eiceman, G. A., Karpas, Z. (1994). Ion Mobility Spectrometry. CRC Press: Boca Raton, Florida, 1994. Creaser, C. S., Griffiths, J. R., Bramwell, C. J., Noreen, S., Hill, C. A., Thomas, C. L. P. (2004) Ion Mobility Spectrometry: a review. Part 1. Structural analysis by mobility measurement. The Analyst 2004, 129, 984- 994. Committee on R&D Needs for Improving Civilian Medical Response to Chemical and Biological Terrorism Incidents (1999), I. o. M., Detection and Measurement of Chemical Agents. In Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response, National academy press: Washington, D.C., 1999; pp 43-64. Sun, Y., Ong, K. Y. (2005). Detection technologies for Chemical Warfare Agents and Toxic Vapors. 1st ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, Florida, 2005; p 272. Brittain, A., Brokenshire, J. Ion Mobility Spectrometry - Past, Present and Future. In Graseby Dynamics Ltd. Hofacre, K.; Derringer, T.; Folsom, D.; Larkowski, P.; Kelly, T.; Sinnott, L.; Hamilton, C.; Willenberg, Z. (2004а). Bruker Daltonics Inc. RAID-M Ion Mobility Spectrometer; Battelle: Columbus, Ohio, April, 2004; pp 1-45. ECAM - Enhanced Chemical Agent Monitor. In Smiths Detection Technical Information, Smiths Detection. CAM- 2 Chemical Agent Monitor. In Smiths Detection Technical Information, Smiths Detection. Longworth, T. L., Ong, K. Y. (2001). Domestic Preparedness Program: Testing of the CAM-Chemical Agent Monitor (Type L) against Chemical Warfare Agents Summary Report; Aberdeen Proving Grounds, Maryland, August, 2001; pp 1-19. Longworth, T. L., Ong, K. Y. (2001a). Domestic Preparedness Program: Testing of Detectors Against Chemical Warfare Agents - Summary Report; UC AP2C Portable Chemical Contamination Control Monitor Collective Unit; Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, May, 2001; pp 1-20. Technologies: RAID-M Handheld Chemical Agent Detector. Daltonics, B., RAID-M-100 (based on the RAID-M), Hand-held Chemical Agent Monitor. In Bruker. Baranoski, J. M., Longworth, T. L. (2003). Domestic Preparedness Program Evaluation of the RAID-M (Bruker Saxonia Analytik GmbH Rapid Alarm and Identification Device- Monitor) Against Chemical Warfare Agents Summary Report; Aberdeen Proving Grounds, Maryland, GID-3 - Chemical Warfare Agent Detection System GID-3. In Smiths Detection Technical Information, Smiths Detection. GID-3 Chemical Warfare Agent Detection System. In Smiths Detection; GID-3 - Chemical Warfare Agent Detection System GID-3. In Smiths Detection Technical Information, Smiths Detection. Lancaster, P. A. (2006). Detection and Monitoring of Chemical Warfare Agents; Human Protection and Performance Division, DSTO: 2006. LCD-3 - Lightweight Personal Chemical Detector LCD-3 series. In Smiths Detection Technical Information, Smiths Detection. LCD- Lightweight Chemical Detector. In Smiths Detection. Taylor, S. J. (2002). LCD-3 Technical product Specification. In Smiths Detection: 2002. AP2C. (2007). Chemical Warfare Agent Detector. In Arrow - Tech: Vol. 2007. AP2Ce (2008). http://www.proengin.fr/fp_ap2ce.htm (19 August 2008). Coutant, S. (1999a) Features, Chemical Warfare Agent Detection and Personal Protection. Jane's Defence Weekly 1999. Chemical and Biological Defense Primer. (2001b). USA, October, 2001; pp 1-20. Kosal, M., E. (2003). The Basics of Chemical and Biological Weapons Detectors; Center for Nonproliferation Studies: USA, November 24, 2003. CAM - Chemical Agent Monitor. In Smiths Detection Technical Information, Smiths Detection. GID -2A - Chemical Warfare Agent Detection System. In Smiths Detection. Pearson, G. S. (1990). Chemical and Biological Warfare. Journal of Naval Engineering 1990, 32, (2), 190-207. Making the UK safer: detecting and decontaminating chemical and biological agents, (2004). The Royal Society: April, 2004; pp 1-50. Improved Sensors needed for CB Agents. (1996). Jane's Defence Weekly 14 August, 1996, pp 19-21. Davis, G. CBRNE - Chemical Detection Equipment. Traeger, J. C. (2006). Strategy for Incidental Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents by Australian Customs; 2006; pp 1-8. Nieuwenhuizen, M. S. (2006a). Detection and Screening of Chemicals Related to the Chemical Weapons Convention. In Encyclopaedia of Analytical Chemistry, Meyers, R. A., Ed. John Wiley & Sons Ltd: 2006; pp 1-17. Petkova - Georgieva, St. (2018). Basic Problems to Solve in Strategic Controlling Implementation, annual of “Prof. Dr. Assen Zlatarov”, pp. 71 - 77, v. XLVII, book 2, Burgas, Bulgaria, 2018, ISSN 2603-3976. Terziev, V., Petkova - Georgieva, S. (2019). The performance measurment system key indicators and the determinants impact on the level of decentralization using as an example a subdivisional unit from the Bulgarian social health and care experience. // Proceedings of SOCIOINT 2019- 6th International Conference on Education, Social Sciences and Humanities 24-26 June 2019- Istanbul, Turkey, International Organization Center of Academic Research, Istanbul, Turkey, 2019, pp. 515-524, ISBN: 978-605-82433-6-1 Terziev, V., Petkova - Georgieva, (2019а). S. A research study of nonlinearity experiencing in the rate of current account deficit to the Bulgarian health and care national product. // Proceedings of SOCIOINT 2019- 6th International Conference on Education, Social Sciences and Humanities 24-26 June 2019- Istanbul, Turkey, International Organization Center of Academic Research, Istanbul, Turkey, 2019, pp. 525-533, ISBN: 978-605-82433-6-1.
There are 1 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | January 14, 2020 |
| Submission Date | October 30, 2019 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2019 |
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