Research Article
Year 2019,
Volume: 5 Issue: 14, 756 - 767, 15.09.2019
Abstract
Canals are built for economic enhancement through
transportation improvement. Canals become nods not only of enormous financial
interests, but of political and security importance. Many canals, like Panama
Canal and Suez Canal have been a reason for political and military confrontation.
This is the reason planning process of a canal to take in consideration
political and security effects in addition to economic reasons for its
existence. Canals security challenges originate from their ‘choke points’
characteristics. Canals are of vital importance to the global economy because
they are critical elements of sea lines of communications (SLOCs) and link seas
and oceans, providing shorter, cheaper, and safe maritime trade. The maritime
security requires control of these choke points. Position and capabilities of a
canal specify its importance for the national, regional, and the global policy
and security. The Eastern Roman Empire, The Ottoman Empire and its successor
Republic of Turkey have defended for centuries the Black Sea straits zone from
raids and attempts to take it away with force. Additional waterway in straits
area will increase security importance of the area, and will heighten the
security importance of the straits. The link between Black Sea and the
Mediterranean is of great importance for Europe, Asia, North Africa, North
Atlantic Treaty Organization, and the European Union. This brings the project
for canal between the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara to a vital position for
many countries. Canal Istanbul project is scheduled to become operational in
2023. The canal may bring not only additional waterway and prosperity, but to
originate security challenges, also. They will range over defence, general
security and order, political, and environmental domains. The published information
aroused discussions about Canal Istanbul’s affect on local nature and people in
Turkey, its impact on international maritime traffic, and possibility to
‘surround’ the Convention Regarding the Regime of the Straits signed at
Montreux, July 20th, 1936. Defence and protection review for Canal Istanbul is
included in this article, along with proposals. Important part of the article
is the overview and comparison between Montreux Convention and the United
Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.
References
- Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi. (2019). Chief Prosecutor of Republic of Turkey. https://www.yargitaycb.gov.tr/sayfa/faaliyette-olan-siyasi-partiler/1095 (last access 05.02.2019). Akten, N. (2006). Shipping accidents: a serious threat for marine environment. Journal of the Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment, volume 12 (3). http://blackmeditjournal.org (last access 29.03.2019). Annual Overview of Marine Casualties and Incidents. (2018). European Maritime Safety Agency. http://www.emsa.europa.eu/accident-investigation-publications/annual-overview.html (last access 29.03.2019). Bekiarova, N. (2017). The Growing Military Activity in the Black Sea Region as a Security Threat. Strategic Impact, volume 63(1). Chronological lists of ratifications of, accessions and successions to the Convention and the related Agreements. (2018). UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea. http://www.un.org/depts/los/reference_files/chronological_lists_of_ratifications.htm (last access 29.03.2019). Demirtas, S. (2018). Will Turkey delay the Canal Istanbul project? Hurriyet Daily News, 18 August 2018. http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/opinion/serkan-demirtas/will-turkey-delay-the-canal-istanbul-project-135920 (last access 29.03.2019). Gyunaydin, H. C. (2018). Turkey's Istanbul canal project explained. TRT World 16 October 2018. https://www.trtworld.com/turkey/turkey-s-istanbul-canal-project-explained-20758 (last access 29.03.2019). Kucukgocmen, A. (2018). Turkey reveals route for new canal to ease Bosphorus shipping. Reuters 15 January 2018. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-canal/turkey-reveals-route-for-new-canal-to-ease-bosporus-shipping-idUSKBN1F422I (last access 29.03.2019). Marine Environment. (2019). European Commission Marine Environment. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/marine/ (last access 29.03.2019). Mission of the Turkish Armed Forces. (2019). Turkish Armed Forces General Staff https://www.tsk.tr/Sayfalar?viewName=Mission (last access 29.03.2019). Ozsoy, E., Cagatay, M., Balkis, Ns., Balkis, Nr. & Ozturk, B. (editors). (2016). The Sea of Marmara. Marine Biodiversity, Fisheries, Conservation and Governance. Istanbul: Turkish Marine Research Foundation, Publication No 42 Pizon, F. (2006). The Turkish Straits Vessel Traffic Service. https://www.afcan.org/dossiers_techniques/tsvts_gb.html (last access 29.03.2019). Rapport annuel sur le mouvement des navires a travers les detroits Turcs 2017. (2018). Republic Of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs. http://www.mfa.gov.tr/the-turkish-straits.en.mfa (last access 29.03.2019). Raykov, V. (2018). Noviat canal v Istanbul mozhe da se otrazi negativno na ekologiata v Cherno more. Radio interview 17.01.2018. http://bnr.bg/varna/post/100921574/violin-raikov-noviat-kanal-istanbul-moje-da-se-otrazi-negativno-na-ekologiata-v-cherno-more (last access 29.03.2019). Sanders, D. (2014). Maritime Power in the Black Sea. Surrey: Ashgate Publishing Limited. Saydam, C. (2015), Kanal İstanbul’un Karadeniz’e Olası Etkileri. Kent Kültürü ve Yönetimi Hakemli Elektronik Dergi, Cilt:8 (2). Sozer, A., Ozsoy, E. (2017). Water Exchange through Canal İstanbul and Bosphorus Strait. Mediterranean Marine Science, volume 18 (1). Stricken ship crushes wooden waterfront mansion on Istanbul’s Bosphorus. (2018). Hurriyet Daily News 07 April 2018. http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/tanker-collides-into-waterfront-mansion-in-istanbuls-bosphorus-129933 (last access 29.03.2019). Treaties and International Engagements registered with the Secretariat of the League of Nations, volume CLXXIII. (1936). United Nations Treaty Collection. https://treaties.un.org/Pages/Content.aspx?path=DB/LoNOnline/pageIntro_Table_en.xml (last access 29.03.2019). Turkey Credit Rating. (2019). https://countryeconomy.com/ratings/turkey (last access 29.03.2019). United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. (1982). http://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/convention_overview_convention.htm (last access 29.03.2019). World Oil Transit Chokepoints. (2017). U.S. Energy Information Administration. https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=32292 (last access 29.03.2019). Yilmaz, M., Bozkurt, A., Emine K. & Yavuz, E. (2010). İstanbul Canal project to open debate on Montreux Convention. Sea News Turkey 08 October 2010. http://www.seanews.com.tr/istanbul-canal-project-to-open-debate-on-montreux-convention/39748/ (last access 29.03.2019). Terziev, V., Petkov, M., Krastev, D. (2018a). Operative mode for police cooperation between the member states of the European Union. // Proceedings of SOCIOINT 2018- 5th International Conference on Education, Social Sciences and Humanities, 2-4 July 2018- Dubai, U.A.E, International Organization Center of Academic Research, www.ocerints.org, pp.473-476, ISBN: 978-605-82433-3-0. Terziev, V., Petkov, M., Krastev, D. (2018b). European arrest warrant: appearance and preferences for fulfillment. // Proceedings of SOCIOINT 2018- 5th International Conference on Education, Social Sciences and Humanities, 2-4 July 2018- Dubai, U.A.E, International Organization Center of Academic Research, www.ocerints.org, pp. 477-481, ISBN: 978-605-82433-3-0. Terziev, V., Petkov, M., Krastev, D. (2018c). Eurojust casework on mafia-type criminal organisations. // Proceedings of SOCIOINT 2018- 5th International Conference on Education, Social Sciences and Humanities, 2-4 July 2018- Dubai, U.A.E, International Organization Center of Academic Research, www.ocerints.org, pp.487-491, ISBN: 978-605-82433-3-0. Terziev, V., Petkov, M., Krastev, D. (2018d). Concept of joint investigation teams. // Proceedings of SOCIOINT 2018- 5th International Conference on Education, Social Sciences and Humanities, 2-4 July 2018- Dubai, U.A.E, International Organization Center of Academic Research, www.ocerints.org, pp.492-496, ISBN: 978-605-82433-3-0. Terziev, V., Petkov, M., Krastev, D. (2018e). European arrest warrant and human rights of the accused. // Proceedings of SOCIOINT 2018- 5th International Conference on Education, Social Sciences and Humanities, 2-4 July 2018- Dubai, U.A.E, International Organization Center of Academic Research, www.ocerints.org, pp.501-504, ISBN: 978-605-82433-3-0. Terziev, V., Petkov, M., Krastev, D. (2018f). Pumps for the action on the European Union in the scope of the European agenda on security. // Proceedings of SOCIOINT 2018- 5th International Conference on Education, Social Sciences and Humanities, 2-4 July 2018- Dubai, U.A.E, International Organization Center of Academic Research, www.ocerints.org, pp.497- 500, ISBN: 978-605-82433-3-0. Terziev, V., Petkov, M., Krastev, D. (2018g). The process of forming a criminal policy of the European Union. // Proceedings of SOCIOINT 2018- 5th International Conference on Education, Social Sciences and Humanities, 2-4 July 2018- Dubai, U.A.E, International Organization Center of Academic Research, www.ocerints.org, pp.505-510, ISBN: 978-605-82433-3-0. Terziev, V., Petkov, M., Krastev, D. (2018h). Organization on the European Union in the sphere of penal preparation. // Proceedings of SOCIOINT 2018- 5th International Conference on Education, Social Sciences and Humanities, 2-4 July 2018- Dubai, U.A.E, International Organization Center of Academic Research, www.ocerints.org, pp.482-486, ISBN: 978-605-82433-3-0. Terziev, V., Petkov, M., Krastev, D. (2018i). Sources of European Union law. // Proceedings of SOCIOINT 2018- 5th International Conference on Education, Social Sciences and Humanities, 2-4 July 2018- Dubai, U.A.E, International Organization Center of Academic Research, www.ocerints.org, pp.511-516, ISBN: 978-605-82433-3-0. Terziev, V., Petkov, M., Krastev, D. (2018j). The „Source of law“ category. // Proceedings of SOCIOINT 2018- 5th International Conference on Education, Social Sciences and Humanities, 2-4 July 2018- Dubai, U.A.E, International Organization Center of Academic Research, www.ocerints.org, pp.517-521, ISBN: 978-605-82433-3-0. Terziev, V., Bankov, S., Georgiev, M. (2018k). The Change in the approach of the court of justice of the European Union in the context of market freedoms and internal situations. // Journal of Innovations and Sustainability, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 4, 2018, 3, pp. 85-112, ISSN 2367-8127 (CD-ROM), ISSN 2367-8151 (on-line). Terziev, V., Bankov, S., Georgiev, M. (2018l). The Stability and growth pact: pursuing sound public finances and coordinating fiscal policies in the EU member states. // Journal of Innovations and Sustainability, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 4, 2018, 3, pp. 53-68, ISSN 2367-8127 (CD-ROM), ISSN 2367-8151 (on-line).
Year 2019,
Volume: 5 Issue: 14, 756 - 767, 15.09.2019
Abstract
References
- Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi. (2019). Chief Prosecutor of Republic of Turkey. https://www.yargitaycb.gov.tr/sayfa/faaliyette-olan-siyasi-partiler/1095 (last access 05.02.2019). Akten, N. (2006). Shipping accidents: a serious threat for marine environment. Journal of the Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment, volume 12 (3). http://blackmeditjournal.org (last access 29.03.2019). Annual Overview of Marine Casualties and Incidents. (2018). European Maritime Safety Agency. http://www.emsa.europa.eu/accident-investigation-publications/annual-overview.html (last access 29.03.2019). Bekiarova, N. (2017). The Growing Military Activity in the Black Sea Region as a Security Threat. Strategic Impact, volume 63(1). Chronological lists of ratifications of, accessions and successions to the Convention and the related Agreements. (2018). UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea. http://www.un.org/depts/los/reference_files/chronological_lists_of_ratifications.htm (last access 29.03.2019). Demirtas, S. (2018). Will Turkey delay the Canal Istanbul project? Hurriyet Daily News, 18 August 2018. http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/opinion/serkan-demirtas/will-turkey-delay-the-canal-istanbul-project-135920 (last access 29.03.2019). Gyunaydin, H. C. (2018). Turkey's Istanbul canal project explained. TRT World 16 October 2018. https://www.trtworld.com/turkey/turkey-s-istanbul-canal-project-explained-20758 (last access 29.03.2019). Kucukgocmen, A. (2018). Turkey reveals route for new canal to ease Bosphorus shipping. Reuters 15 January 2018. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-canal/turkey-reveals-route-for-new-canal-to-ease-bosporus-shipping-idUSKBN1F422I (last access 29.03.2019). Marine Environment. (2019). European Commission Marine Environment. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/marine/ (last access 29.03.2019). Mission of the Turkish Armed Forces. (2019). Turkish Armed Forces General Staff https://www.tsk.tr/Sayfalar?viewName=Mission (last access 29.03.2019). Ozsoy, E., Cagatay, M., Balkis, Ns., Balkis, Nr. & Ozturk, B. (editors). (2016). The Sea of Marmara. Marine Biodiversity, Fisheries, Conservation and Governance. Istanbul: Turkish Marine Research Foundation, Publication No 42 Pizon, F. (2006). The Turkish Straits Vessel Traffic Service. https://www.afcan.org/dossiers_techniques/tsvts_gb.html (last access 29.03.2019). Rapport annuel sur le mouvement des navires a travers les detroits Turcs 2017. (2018). Republic Of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs. http://www.mfa.gov.tr/the-turkish-straits.en.mfa (last access 29.03.2019). Raykov, V. (2018). Noviat canal v Istanbul mozhe da se otrazi negativno na ekologiata v Cherno more. Radio interview 17.01.2018. http://bnr.bg/varna/post/100921574/violin-raikov-noviat-kanal-istanbul-moje-da-se-otrazi-negativno-na-ekologiata-v-cherno-more (last access 29.03.2019). Sanders, D. (2014). Maritime Power in the Black Sea. Surrey: Ashgate Publishing Limited. Saydam, C. (2015), Kanal İstanbul’un Karadeniz’e Olası Etkileri. Kent Kültürü ve Yönetimi Hakemli Elektronik Dergi, Cilt:8 (2). Sozer, A., Ozsoy, E. (2017). Water Exchange through Canal İstanbul and Bosphorus Strait. Mediterranean Marine Science, volume 18 (1). Stricken ship crushes wooden waterfront mansion on Istanbul’s Bosphorus. (2018). Hurriyet Daily News 07 April 2018. http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/tanker-collides-into-waterfront-mansion-in-istanbuls-bosphorus-129933 (last access 29.03.2019). Treaties and International Engagements registered with the Secretariat of the League of Nations, volume CLXXIII. (1936). United Nations Treaty Collection. https://treaties.un.org/Pages/Content.aspx?path=DB/LoNOnline/pageIntro_Table_en.xml (last access 29.03.2019). Turkey Credit Rating. (2019). https://countryeconomy.com/ratings/turkey (last access 29.03.2019). United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. (1982). http://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/convention_overview_convention.htm (last access 29.03.2019). World Oil Transit Chokepoints. (2017). U.S. Energy Information Administration. https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=32292 (last access 29.03.2019). Yilmaz, M., Bozkurt, A., Emine K. & Yavuz, E. (2010). İstanbul Canal project to open debate on Montreux Convention. Sea News Turkey 08 October 2010. http://www.seanews.com.tr/istanbul-canal-project-to-open-debate-on-montreux-convention/39748/ (last access 29.03.2019). Terziev, V., Petkov, M., Krastev, D. (2018a). Operative mode for police cooperation between the member states of the European Union. // Proceedings of SOCIOINT 2018- 5th International Conference on Education, Social Sciences and Humanities, 2-4 July 2018- Dubai, U.A.E, International Organization Center of Academic Research, www.ocerints.org, pp.473-476, ISBN: 978-605-82433-3-0. Terziev, V., Petkov, M., Krastev, D. (2018b). European arrest warrant: appearance and preferences for fulfillment. // Proceedings of SOCIOINT 2018- 5th International Conference on Education, Social Sciences and Humanities, 2-4 July 2018- Dubai, U.A.E, International Organization Center of Academic Research, www.ocerints.org, pp. 477-481, ISBN: 978-605-82433-3-0. Terziev, V., Petkov, M., Krastev, D. (2018c). Eurojust casework on mafia-type criminal organisations. // Proceedings of SOCIOINT 2018- 5th International Conference on Education, Social Sciences and Humanities, 2-4 July 2018- Dubai, U.A.E, International Organization Center of Academic Research, www.ocerints.org, pp.487-491, ISBN: 978-605-82433-3-0. Terziev, V., Petkov, M., Krastev, D. (2018d). Concept of joint investigation teams. // Proceedings of SOCIOINT 2018- 5th International Conference on Education, Social Sciences and Humanities, 2-4 July 2018- Dubai, U.A.E, International Organization Center of Academic Research, www.ocerints.org, pp.492-496, ISBN: 978-605-82433-3-0. Terziev, V., Petkov, M., Krastev, D. (2018e). European arrest warrant and human rights of the accused. // Proceedings of SOCIOINT 2018- 5th International Conference on Education, Social Sciences and Humanities, 2-4 July 2018- Dubai, U.A.E, International Organization Center of Academic Research, www.ocerints.org, pp.501-504, ISBN: 978-605-82433-3-0. Terziev, V., Petkov, M., Krastev, D. (2018f). Pumps for the action on the European Union in the scope of the European agenda on security. // Proceedings of SOCIOINT 2018- 5th International Conference on Education, Social Sciences and Humanities, 2-4 July 2018- Dubai, U.A.E, International Organization Center of Academic Research, www.ocerints.org, pp.497- 500, ISBN: 978-605-82433-3-0. Terziev, V., Petkov, M., Krastev, D. (2018g). The process of forming a criminal policy of the European Union. // Proceedings of SOCIOINT 2018- 5th International Conference on Education, Social Sciences and Humanities, 2-4 July 2018- Dubai, U.A.E, International Organization Center of Academic Research, www.ocerints.org, pp.505-510, ISBN: 978-605-82433-3-0. Terziev, V., Petkov, M., Krastev, D. (2018h). Organization on the European Union in the sphere of penal preparation. // Proceedings of SOCIOINT 2018- 5th International Conference on Education, Social Sciences and Humanities, 2-4 July 2018- Dubai, U.A.E, International Organization Center of Academic Research, www.ocerints.org, pp.482-486, ISBN: 978-605-82433-3-0. Terziev, V., Petkov, M., Krastev, D. (2018i). Sources of European Union law. // Proceedings of SOCIOINT 2018- 5th International Conference on Education, Social Sciences and Humanities, 2-4 July 2018- Dubai, U.A.E, International Organization Center of Academic Research, www.ocerints.org, pp.511-516, ISBN: 978-605-82433-3-0. Terziev, V., Petkov, M., Krastev, D. (2018j). The „Source of law“ category. // Proceedings of SOCIOINT 2018- 5th International Conference on Education, Social Sciences and Humanities, 2-4 July 2018- Dubai, U.A.E, International Organization Center of Academic Research, www.ocerints.org, pp.517-521, ISBN: 978-605-82433-3-0. Terziev, V., Bankov, S., Georgiev, M. (2018k). The Change in the approach of the court of justice of the European Union in the context of market freedoms and internal situations. // Journal of Innovations and Sustainability, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 4, 2018, 3, pp. 85-112, ISSN 2367-8127 (CD-ROM), ISSN 2367-8151 (on-line). Terziev, V., Bankov, S., Georgiev, M. (2018l). The Stability and growth pact: pursuing sound public finances and coordinating fiscal policies in the EU member states. // Journal of Innovations and Sustainability, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 4, 2018, 3, pp. 53-68, ISSN 2367-8127 (CD-ROM), ISSN 2367-8151 (on-line).
There are 1 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | September 15, 2019 |
| Submission Date | July 16, 2019 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2019Volume: 5 Issue: 14 |
Cited By
Kanal İstanbul Projesinin Türkiye’nin Lojistik Yapısına Olası Etkileri
Birey ve Toplum Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi
İbrahim Atilla KARATAŞ
https://doi.org/10.20493/birtop.873273
Contact: ijasosjournal@hotmail.com
The IJASOS Journal's site and its metadata are licensed under CC BY
Published and Sponsored by OCERINT International © 2015- 2024