Abstract
References
- Belt & Road News. (2019, Januari 12). All Under Heaven: China’s Challenge to the Westphalian System. Retrieved from https://www.beltandroad.news/2019/01/12/all-under-heaven-chinas-challenge-to-the-westphalian-system/ Bull, H. (1977). The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics. New York: Columbia University Press. Buzan, B., & Foot, R. (2004). Does China Matter? A Reassessment:. London: Routledge. Callahan, W. A. (2008). Chinese Visions of World Order: Post-Hegemonic or a New Hegemony? International Studies Review, 10, 749-761. Chance, A. (2016). American Perspective on the Belt and Road Initiative. Sources of Concern, Possibilities for US-China Cooperation. Washington DC: Institute for China-America Studies. Devlin, K. (2018, October 19). 5 charts on global views of China. Diambil kembali dari Pew Research Center: https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/10/19/5-charts-on-global-views-of-china/ Guo, R., & Yang, K. (2016). China's New Silk-Road Intitiative and the South China Sea Disputes: Toward a New Mutual Deterrence Equilibrium. Conference Paper, 1-22. Hong Kong Trade Development Council. (t.thn.). The Belt and Road Initiative. Diambil kembali dari http://china-trade-research.hktdc.com/business-news/article/The-Belt-and-Road-Initiative/The-Belt-and-Road-Initiative/obor/en/1/1X000000/1X0A36B7.htm Huang, Z., & Ke, F. (2004). Oil Supply of China and Energy Security’, in Z. Ba (ed.), Security and Development of Chinese Economy. Beijing: Shishi Publications. Marantidou, V. (2014). Revisiting China's 'String of Pearls' Strategy: Places 'with Chinese Characteristics' and their Security Implications. Pacific Forum CSIS. Issues & Insights Vol.14, No.7, 1-43. Minderop, A. (2006). Pragmatisme Sikap Hidup Dan Prinsip Politik Luar Negeri Amerika. Jakarta: Yayasan OBOR Indonesia. Moramudali, U. (2019, Mei 14). Is Sri Lanka Really a Victim of China's 'Debt Trap'? Retrieved from The Diplomat: https://thediplomat.com/2019/05/is-sri-lanka-really-a-victim-of-chinas-debt-trap/ Napang, M., Nurhasanah, S., & Rohman, S. (2019). One Belt One Road (OBOR) and the Increase of China's Global Influence. PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences, Vol.5, Issue 2, 53-69. Pu, X. (2016). One Belt, One Road: Visions and Challenges of China's Geoeconomic Strategy. Mainland China Studies, 111-132. Radio Broadcast Summary of China. (2003). Chengchi University. Diambil kembali dari http://iir.nccu.edu.tw/lib/backup/92/920209/BG1.HTM The Economist. (2004). A Survey of the World Economy - A Hungry Dragon. Tingyang, Z. (2009). A Political World Philosophy in Terms of All-Under-Heaven (Tian-Xia). Diogenes, 5-18. Tyndall, G. B. (1984). America A Narrative History, Vol. I. New York: W.W. Norton and Company. Wright, R. (2004). Iran’s New Alliance with China could Undermine U.S. Leverage. The Wall Street Journal Europe. Yang, R. (2015). The Concept of Tianxia and Its Impact on Chinese Discourse on the West. Routledge, 1-15. Yaqing, Q. (2007). Why is There No Chinese International Relations Theory? International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, 7, 313-340.
Abstract
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)
was initiated by Xi Jinping after being elected become the president of China
in 2012. BRI connects Asia, Africa, and Europe based on shared-destiny to
create trade routes integrate main centers of economic vitality. This project
gives benefit for all participating countries, including provides help for
poorer regions. Even China created a financial system that supports this
project, namely the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) and the New
Development Bank (NDB). China's efforts to expand its influence in the world
are similar to US efforts in the 19th century, known as Manifest
Destiny. Americans believed that the US is destined to expand the territories
westward approaching Pacific Ocean and spreading democracy. This effort is also
highly related to their belief that the US is a City upon a Hill. A belief that the US will be a
great country that leads other nations in the world. This paper will explore
the two American beliefs in the context of China's efforts to increase its
economic and military power in the world by reactivating the silk route. The
author uses the concept of Tianxia as City upon a Hill and Manifest Destiny in Chinese
version in analyzing China's measures to increase its strength on an
international level. The author will further analyze how these beliefs being
adopted by Chinese government in realizing its dream of regaining the glory of
managing silk-road, making it the new silk-road.
References
- Belt & Road News. (2019, Januari 12). All Under Heaven: China’s Challenge to the Westphalian System. Retrieved from https://www.beltandroad.news/2019/01/12/all-under-heaven-chinas-challenge-to-the-westphalian-system/ Bull, H. (1977). The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics. New York: Columbia University Press. Buzan, B., & Foot, R. (2004). Does China Matter? A Reassessment:. London: Routledge. Callahan, W. A. (2008). Chinese Visions of World Order: Post-Hegemonic or a New Hegemony? International Studies Review, 10, 749-761. Chance, A. (2016). American Perspective on the Belt and Road Initiative. Sources of Concern, Possibilities for US-China Cooperation. Washington DC: Institute for China-America Studies. Devlin, K. (2018, October 19). 5 charts on global views of China. Diambil kembali dari Pew Research Center: https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/10/19/5-charts-on-global-views-of-china/ Guo, R., & Yang, K. (2016). China's New Silk-Road Intitiative and the South China Sea Disputes: Toward a New Mutual Deterrence Equilibrium. Conference Paper, 1-22. Hong Kong Trade Development Council. (t.thn.). The Belt and Road Initiative. Diambil kembali dari http://china-trade-research.hktdc.com/business-news/article/The-Belt-and-Road-Initiative/The-Belt-and-Road-Initiative/obor/en/1/1X000000/1X0A36B7.htm Huang, Z., & Ke, F. (2004). Oil Supply of China and Energy Security’, in Z. Ba (ed.), Security and Development of Chinese Economy. Beijing: Shishi Publications. Marantidou, V. (2014). Revisiting China's 'String of Pearls' Strategy: Places 'with Chinese Characteristics' and their Security Implications. Pacific Forum CSIS. Issues & Insights Vol.14, No.7, 1-43. Minderop, A. (2006). Pragmatisme Sikap Hidup Dan Prinsip Politik Luar Negeri Amerika. Jakarta: Yayasan OBOR Indonesia. Moramudali, U. (2019, Mei 14). Is Sri Lanka Really a Victim of China's 'Debt Trap'? Retrieved from The Diplomat: https://thediplomat.com/2019/05/is-sri-lanka-really-a-victim-of-chinas-debt-trap/ Napang, M., Nurhasanah, S., & Rohman, S. (2019). One Belt One Road (OBOR) and the Increase of China's Global Influence. PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences, Vol.5, Issue 2, 53-69. Pu, X. (2016). One Belt, One Road: Visions and Challenges of China's Geoeconomic Strategy. Mainland China Studies, 111-132. Radio Broadcast Summary of China. (2003). Chengchi University. Diambil kembali dari http://iir.nccu.edu.tw/lib/backup/92/920209/BG1.HTM The Economist. (2004). A Survey of the World Economy - A Hungry Dragon. Tingyang, Z. (2009). A Political World Philosophy in Terms of All-Under-Heaven (Tian-Xia). Diogenes, 5-18. Tyndall, G. B. (1984). America A Narrative History, Vol. I. New York: W.W. Norton and Company. Wright, R. (2004). Iran’s New Alliance with China could Undermine U.S. Leverage. The Wall Street Journal Europe. Yang, R. (2015). The Concept of Tianxia and Its Impact on Chinese Discourse on the West. Routledge, 1-15. Yaqing, Q. (2007). Why is There No Chinese International Relations Theory? International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, 7, 313-340.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | January 14, 2020 |
| Submission Date | October 30, 2019 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2019 |
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