Abstract
This paper makes
an attempt to investigate the effect of bipolar mood disorder on the basis of using
the lexical cohesion elements (that is, repetition, synonymy, antonymy,
hyponymy, and collocation) in a case study approach based on the fact that approximately
one percent of people suffer from this kind of affective disorder.
Specifically, a large number of artists are afflicted by the very disorder presumably
due to their creativity. The private letters of Sadegh Hedayat, mostly known as
an Iranian eminent writer suffering from bipolar mood disorder, to Shahid
Nourai, one of his friends, are selected as the material of the study. The
addressee is kept fixed noticeably to remove the effective linguistic features.
Sadegh Hedayat’s letters have been studied regarding mentioned linguistic
elements in terms of two major bipolar mood disorder episodes (that is to say,
hypomanic and depressive). In the study, all the letters related to hypomanic
and depressive episodes are investigated using the elements of lexical cohesion.
Furthermore, all the words on the basis of the elements with respect to various
ties, i.e. immediate, mediate, and remote, are counted and the averages are
evaluated using SPSS with the aim of finding any noteworthy result to discover
whether specific psychological mood affects the use of certain lexical cohesion
elements or not. Moreover, it explores whether there is any significant difference
between bipolar mood disorder and schizophrenia on the basis of previous
studies. The statistical analysis shows a highly significant difference
concerning antonymy and hyponymy between hypomania and depression. No
significant difference is found with respect to repetition, synonymy, and
collocation. In addition, the results suggest that the text analyzed in the
research is cohesive as regards bipolar mood disorder in contrast to those
studies conducted related to schizophrenia.
References
- Clark, L., Iversen, S.D., Goodwin, G.M. (2001). “The Influence of Positive and Negative Mood States on Risk Taking, Verbal Fluency, and Salivary Cortisol”. Journal of Affective Disorders, 63, 179-187. Esmaeelpour, E & Sasani F. (2016). “The Effect of Bipolar Mood Disorder on Sadegh Hedayat's Letters”. Journal of psycholinguistic research, 45, 367-377. DOI: 10.1007/s10936-015-9355-5 Esmaeelpour, E & Ghatreh. F, Nourbakhsh. M. (2017). “Linguistic Study of Negative Affixes in Sadegh Hedayat’s Letters: The Effect of Bipolar Mood Disorder”. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 46, 1385-1395. DOI: 10.1007/s10936-017-9503-1 Fadai, F. (2009). “Sadegh Hedayat from the Descriptive Psychiatry Viewpoint”. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 3, 19-26. Goss, J. (2006). “Poetics of Bipolar Disorder”. Pragmatics & Cognition”, 14, 83-110. DOI: 10.1075/pc.14.1.06gos Halliday, M. & R. Hasan (1976). Cohesion in English. London: Longman. Halliday, M. (1985). An Introduction to Functional Grammer. London: Edward Arnold. Jamison, K. R. (1995). “Manic-Depressive Illness and Creativity”. Scientific American, 272, 125-134. Jones, S., Hayward P., & Lam D. (2002). Coping with Bipolar Disorder: A Guide to Living with Manic Depression, Oxford: Oneworld Publication. Landis, C. (1964). Varieties of Psychopathological Experience, New York: Rinehart and Winston. Miklowitz, D. J. (2001). “Bipolar Disorder”, In D. Barlow (ed.), Clinical Handbook of Psychological Disorders. (pp. 523–562). NY: Guilford Press. Pakdaman, N. (2000). Sadegh Hedayat: 82 Letters to Hasan Shahid Nouraie (2nd Ed.). Paris: Cheshmandaz (In Persian). Ragin AB, Oltmanns TF. (1986). “Lexical Cohesion and Formal Thought Disorder During and After Psychotic Episodes”. J Abnorm Psychol, (95), 181-183. DOI: 10.1037/0021-843X.95.2.181 Ragin AB, Oltmanns TF. (1987). “Communicability and Thought Disorder in Schizophrenics and Other Diagnostic Groups: A Follow-up Study”. Br Psychiatry, 150, 494–500. DOI: 10.1192/bjp.150.4.494 Sadock, B. J., & Sadock, V. A. (2010). Kaplan Pocket Handbook of Clinical Psychiatry (5th ed.). Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Sanfillippo, L. C., & Hoffman, R.E. (1999). “Language Disorders in The Psychoses”. In F. Fabbro (ed), Concise Encyclopedia of Language Pathology (pp. 400–407). Oxford: Elsevier Science. Thomas P. (1995). “Thought Disorder or Communication Disorder? Linguistic Science Provides a New Approach”. Br J Psychiatry, (166), 287–290.
Abstract
References
- Clark, L., Iversen, S.D., Goodwin, G.M. (2001). “The Influence of Positive and Negative Mood States on Risk Taking, Verbal Fluency, and Salivary Cortisol”. Journal of Affective Disorders, 63, 179-187. Esmaeelpour, E & Sasani F. (2016). “The Effect of Bipolar Mood Disorder on Sadegh Hedayat's Letters”. Journal of psycholinguistic research, 45, 367-377. DOI: 10.1007/s10936-015-9355-5 Esmaeelpour, E & Ghatreh. F, Nourbakhsh. M. (2017). “Linguistic Study of Negative Affixes in Sadegh Hedayat’s Letters: The Effect of Bipolar Mood Disorder”. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 46, 1385-1395. DOI: 10.1007/s10936-017-9503-1 Fadai, F. (2009). “Sadegh Hedayat from the Descriptive Psychiatry Viewpoint”. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 3, 19-26. Goss, J. (2006). “Poetics of Bipolar Disorder”. Pragmatics & Cognition”, 14, 83-110. DOI: 10.1075/pc.14.1.06gos Halliday, M. & R. Hasan (1976). Cohesion in English. London: Longman. Halliday, M. (1985). An Introduction to Functional Grammer. London: Edward Arnold. Jamison, K. R. (1995). “Manic-Depressive Illness and Creativity”. Scientific American, 272, 125-134. Jones, S., Hayward P., & Lam D. (2002). Coping with Bipolar Disorder: A Guide to Living with Manic Depression, Oxford: Oneworld Publication. Landis, C. (1964). Varieties of Psychopathological Experience, New York: Rinehart and Winston. Miklowitz, D. J. (2001). “Bipolar Disorder”, In D. Barlow (ed.), Clinical Handbook of Psychological Disorders. (pp. 523–562). NY: Guilford Press. Pakdaman, N. (2000). Sadegh Hedayat: 82 Letters to Hasan Shahid Nouraie (2nd Ed.). Paris: Cheshmandaz (In Persian). Ragin AB, Oltmanns TF. (1986). “Lexical Cohesion and Formal Thought Disorder During and After Psychotic Episodes”. J Abnorm Psychol, (95), 181-183. DOI: 10.1037/0021-843X.95.2.181 Ragin AB, Oltmanns TF. (1987). “Communicability and Thought Disorder in Schizophrenics and Other Diagnostic Groups: A Follow-up Study”. Br Psychiatry, 150, 494–500. DOI: 10.1192/bjp.150.4.494 Sadock, B. J., & Sadock, V. A. (2010). Kaplan Pocket Handbook of Clinical Psychiatry (5th ed.). Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Sanfillippo, L. C., & Hoffman, R.E. (1999). “Language Disorders in The Psychoses”. In F. Fabbro (ed), Concise Encyclopedia of Language Pathology (pp. 400–407). Oxford: Elsevier Science. Thomas P. (1995). “Thought Disorder or Communication Disorder? Linguistic Science Provides a New Approach”. Br J Psychiatry, (166), 287–290.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | September 15, 2019 |
| Submission Date | July 15, 2019 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2019 |
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