IJASOS- International E-journal of Advances in Social Sciences

Abstract

The room has a function of nucleus in the
formation of Turkish House which has an important place in the sense of
traditional residence features in the world and the planning of this residence
begins with room. Therefore, this residence is a phenomenon that develops from
inner space through outer space. The formation of the room of traditional
Turkish house is influenced by various elements. On top of them there come the
requirements of nomads and Turkish-Islamic life style. The effects of these are
clearly observed in the architectural design and decoration of the room which
is shaped by the features of traditional life and bestows its design
characteristics from nomad tent. Before immigrating to Anatolia from 11th
century A.D., Turks have lived mostly a nomadic life in Middle Asia. Therefore,
just like in other Middle Asia cultures; Turks have lived in temporary
shelters. After settling in Anatolia and before that after accepting Islam;
Turks have started to lead a sedentary life and formed a new living culture
with the effect of various Anatolian civilizations, notably the Byzantines. In
this way, a type of residence which is built in Anatolia, Balkans and Caucasus
in the period of Ottoman Empire has emerged. The room of this type of house
which lasted from 15th century to the second half of 19th century forms the
nucleus of design. It is possible to pursue the traces of nomadic period and
Turkish-Islamic life style as the characteristics of design in the design of
this room.In the scope of this study, characteristics of design of the room
which forms the design nucleus of traditional Turkish House is studied and
similarities and differences with tent which are the shelters of nomadic period
are observed in the sense of usage and function. Safranbolu district which is
has around 2000 traditional houses and which is recorded in the list of cultural
heritage by UNESCO is chosen. Safranbolu is an important settlement which is on
the old Silk Road in Anatolia and developed in the period of Ottoman Empire.
Through the end of 18th century famous geographer Ibn Sa’id asserted that
100.000 nomads with tents were living in the area in which Safranbolu is also
included. Therefore, an important historical characteristic of Safranbolu area
is the settlement of nomadic people called “Yoruk” who carried the nomadic
living tradition of Middle Asia to Anatolia and reflecting their way of living
on their houses. In this sense, Yoruks have great effect on the historical
development of the area. Safranbolu houses are chosen for the reasons that they
have all the features of a traditional residence; reflect the geographical,
economic and social structure of the area on the houses at best and have rich
examples in the sense of room design. For this reason, first of all general
features of life style in the nomadic period and in the period before the
acceptance of Islam and then the effects of these features on the spaces of
shelter were studied. In the second process, shelter spaces of nomadic period
were observed, in the third process general features of traditional Turkish
house were studied, in the fourth process the formation of room in this
residence types was studied in the sample of Safranbolu house and finally
expressing the similarities and differences between nomadic period shelters and
room, elements that influence the formation of room and the results were studied
in the light of findings.