THE MEANING OF LIFE ON WARIA LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS (HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS/ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY): A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY

Nur Amin Barokah Asfari

doi:10.18769/ijasos.367316

Research Article

THE MEANING OF LIFE ON WARIA LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS (HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS/ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY): A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY

Year 2017, , 976 - 986, 27.12.2017

Nur Amin Barokah Asfari

https://doi.org/10.18769/ijasos.367316

Abstract

The
existence of waria (a melding of two Indonesian words: wanita
(woman) and pria (man) has not been recognized in some places, including
in Indonesia. As the third-gender community, they often get discrimination from
their surroundings. Therefore, they tend to limit their interaction with
others, outside their community. Some of them work as sex workers. So, they are
vulnerable to be infected with HIV/AIDS. Waria who is living with
HIV/AIDS will feel meaningless at the first time. Sometimes, they choose to
give up and end their life. However, some of them become HIV/AIDS survivors.
Those who have a purpose in their life will be more motivated to continue their
life better. This research is a qualitative study using phenomenological approach.
This study aims to understand the process of finding the meaning of live on waria
living with HIV/AIDS. A subject was involved in this study with
characteristics: (1) were transsexual and (2) positively infected with HIV/AIDS. The
participant will be interviewed about the participant’s experiences to find the
meaning of life. The results showed that the participant has meaningless phases
when knowing that the participant had HIV/AIDS at first. The participant had
time to give up. The participant felt the life the participant has would be ended soon. But,
after contemplating, the participant thought that the participant had to use
time to repent. The participant regretted all the mistakes in the past. The
participant hoped that God would give His forgiveness. The participant wanted
to be a better person,
therefore, the participant began
to act with better attitude. The participant is
committed to the meaning of life and directed all activities to achieve it. The
participant becomes more religious and has more pro-social behaviors. For ten years,
the participant has worked as a volunteer for people with HIV/AIDS, especially
for waria in Yogyakarta. The participant is satisfied with participant’s
life now as well feels more valuable because the participant can be a
useful person to others.

Keywords

the meaning of life, waria, HIV/AIDS, phenomenological study

References

Alexias, G., Savvakis, M., & Stratopoulou, Ι. (2016). Embodiment and biographical disruption in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). AIDS Care, 28(5), 585–590. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2015.1119782 Alfian, I.N & Dewi, R.S. (2003). Perbedaan tingkat kebermaknaan hidup remaja akhir pada berbagai status identitas ego dengan jenis kelamin sebgai kovariabel (Penelitian terhadap mahasiswa Madura di Surabaya). Insan Media Psikologi Vol. 5, no,2:87-89 Arriza, B. K., Dewi, E. K., & Kaloeti, D. V. S. (2011). Memahami rekonstruksi kebahagiaan pada orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA). Jurnal Psikologi Undip, 10(2), 153–162. Astuti, A., & Budiyani, K. (2008). Hubungan antara dukungan sosial yang diterima dengan kebermaknaan hidup pada ODHA (orang dengan HIV/AIDS). Yogyakarta: Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Mercu Buana. Retrieved from http://fpsi.mercubuana-yogya.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Agustus_2010_Kondang-Budiyani.pdf Audet, C. M., McGowan, C. C., Wallston, K. A., & Kipp, A. M. (2013). Relationship between HIV Stigma and Self-Isolation among People Living with HIV in Tennessee. PLoS ONE, 8(8), e69564. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069564 Audet, C. M., Wagner, L. J., & Wallston, K. A. (2015). Finding meaning in life while living with HIV: validation of a novel HIV meaningfulness scale among HIV-infected participants living in Tennessee. BMC Psychology, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-015-0070-7 Bastaman, H.D. (2007). Logoterapi: psikologi untuk menemukan makna hidup dan hidup bermakna. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada Bellanti, J. A. (1993). Imunologi III, edisi bahasa Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press. Boarts, J. M., Sledjeski, E. M., Bogart, L. M., & Delahanty, D. L. (2006). The Differential Impact of PTSD and Depression on HIV Disease Markers and Adherence to HAART in People Living with HIV. AIDS and Behavior, 10(3), 253–261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-006-9069-7 Burgoyne, R., & Renwick, R. (2004). Social support and quality of life over time among adults living with HIV in the HAART era. Social Science & Medicine, 58(7), 1353–1366. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00314-9 Fife, B. L. (2005). The role of constructed meaning in adaptation to the onset of life-threatening illness. Social Science & Medicine, 61(10), 2132–2143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.04.026 Frankl, V.E. (2006). Logoterapi: Terapi Psikologi Melalui Pemaknaan Eksistensi. Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana Yogyakarta Judgeo, N., & Moalusi, K. P. (2014). My secret: The social meaning of HIV/AIDS stigma. SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS, 11(1), 76–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/17290376.2014.932302 Kalichman, S. C., Simbayi, L. C., Cloete, A., Mthembu, P. P., Mkhonta, R. N., & Ginindza, T. (2009). Measuring AIDS stigmas in people living with HIV/AIDS: the Internalized AIDS-Related Stigma Scale. AIDS Care, 21(1), 87–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120802032627 Koeswara. 2987. Psikologi Eksistensial: Suatu Pengantar. Bandung. PT. Eresco Mofenson, L. M., Brady, M. T., Danner, S. P., Dominguez, K. L., Hazra, R., Handelsman, E., … Serchuck, L. (2009). Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections among HIV-exposed and HIV-infected children: recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes of Health, the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, and the American Academy of Pediatrics. MMWR. Recommendations and Reports: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Recommendations and reports/Centers for Disease Control, 58(RR-11), 1. Munjas, B., Oliver, C. A., & Luna, B. J. (1998). Psychosocial Responses. Dalam M. Ropka & A. Williams (Eds.), HIV nurshing and symptom management. Jones & Bartlett Publisher. Nam, S. L., Fielding, K., Avalos, A., Dickinson, D., Gaolathe, T., & Geissler, P. W. (2008). The relationship of acceptance or denial of HIV-status to antiretroviral adherence among adult HIV patients in urban Botswana. Social Science & Medicine, 67(2), 301–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.03.042 Nursalam., & Kurniawati, N. D. (2007). Asuhan keperawatan pada pasien terinfeksi HIV/AIDS. Jakarta: Salemba Medika. Rohmah, Nur. (2011). Studi Deskriptif tentang Tingkat Kebermaknaan Hidup Lansia yang Tinggal di Unit Rehabilitasi Sosial Wening Wardoyo Ungaran. Skripsi. Universitas Negeri Semarang Sarikusuma, H., Hasanah, N., & Herani, I. (2012). Konsep Diri orang dengan HIV dan AIDS (ODHA) yang menerima label negatif dan diskriminasi dari lingkungan sosial. Psikologia: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Psikologi, 7(1). Retrieved from https://jurnal.usu.ac.id/index.php/psikologia/article/view/400 Siboro, H. K. (2014). Pengaruh dukungan keluarga terhadap keberfungsian sosial orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA) di Rumah Singgah Caritas PSE Medan. Welfare StatE, 2(4). Retrieved from http://202.0.107.5/index.php/ws/article/view/6226 Smith, J.A., Flowers, P., Larkin, M., 2010 Soedarto. (2009). Penyakit menular di Indonesia. Jakarta: Anggota Ikapi. Sumanto. (2006). Kajian Psikologis Kebermaknaan Hidup. Buletin Psikologi, Vol 12 no 2 Tao, J., Wang, L., Kipp, A. M., Qian, H.-Z., Yin, L., Ruan, Y., … Vermund, S. H. (2017). Relationship of Stigma and Depression Among Newly HIV-Diagnosed Chinese Men Who Have Sex with Men. AIDS and Behavior, 21(1), 292–299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-016-1477-8 Taylor, S. E. (2009). Health psychology. US: McGraw-Hill Companies. Utama, T. T & Sanpedro, Y. (10 April 2015). Victory Plus: Pembawa Harapan bagi ODHA [web log post]. Diperoleh dari http://citralekha.com/victoryplus/

Year 2017, , 976 - 986, 27.12.2017

Nur Amin Barokah Asfari

https://doi.org/10.18769/ijasos.367316

Abstract

References

Alexias, G., Savvakis, M., & Stratopoulou, Ι. (2016). Embodiment and biographical disruption in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). AIDS Care, 28(5), 585–590. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2015.1119782 Alfian, I.N & Dewi, R.S. (2003). Perbedaan tingkat kebermaknaan hidup remaja akhir pada berbagai status identitas ego dengan jenis kelamin sebgai kovariabel (Penelitian terhadap mahasiswa Madura di Surabaya). Insan Media Psikologi Vol. 5, no,2:87-89 Arriza, B. K., Dewi, E. K., & Kaloeti, D. V. S. (2011). Memahami rekonstruksi kebahagiaan pada orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA). Jurnal Psikologi Undip, 10(2), 153–162. Astuti, A., & Budiyani, K. (2008). Hubungan antara dukungan sosial yang diterima dengan kebermaknaan hidup pada ODHA (orang dengan HIV/AIDS). Yogyakarta: Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Mercu Buana. Retrieved from http://fpsi.mercubuana-yogya.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Agustus_2010_Kondang-Budiyani.pdf Audet, C. M., McGowan, C. C., Wallston, K. A., & Kipp, A. M. (2013). Relationship between HIV Stigma and Self-Isolation among People Living with HIV in Tennessee. PLoS ONE, 8(8), e69564. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069564 Audet, C. M., Wagner, L. J., & Wallston, K. A. (2015). Finding meaning in life while living with HIV: validation of a novel HIV meaningfulness scale among HIV-infected participants living in Tennessee. BMC Psychology, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-015-0070-7 Bastaman, H.D. (2007). Logoterapi: psikologi untuk menemukan makna hidup dan hidup bermakna. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada Bellanti, J. A. (1993). Imunologi III, edisi bahasa Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press. Boarts, J. M., Sledjeski, E. M., Bogart, L. M., & Delahanty, D. L. (2006). The Differential Impact of PTSD and Depression on HIV Disease Markers and Adherence to HAART in People Living with HIV. AIDS and Behavior, 10(3), 253–261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-006-9069-7 Burgoyne, R., & Renwick, R. (2004). Social support and quality of life over time among adults living with HIV in the HAART era. Social Science & Medicine, 58(7), 1353–1366. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00314-9 Fife, B. L. (2005). The role of constructed meaning in adaptation to the onset of life-threatening illness. Social Science & Medicine, 61(10), 2132–2143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.04.026 Frankl, V.E. (2006). Logoterapi: Terapi Psikologi Melalui Pemaknaan Eksistensi. Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana Yogyakarta Judgeo, N., & Moalusi, K. P. (2014). My secret: The social meaning of HIV/AIDS stigma. SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS, 11(1), 76–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/17290376.2014.932302 Kalichman, S. C., Simbayi, L. C., Cloete, A., Mthembu, P. P., Mkhonta, R. N., & Ginindza, T. (2009). Measuring AIDS stigmas in people living with HIV/AIDS: the Internalized AIDS-Related Stigma Scale. AIDS Care, 21(1), 87–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120802032627 Koeswara. 2987. Psikologi Eksistensial: Suatu Pengantar. Bandung. PT. Eresco Mofenson, L. M., Brady, M. T., Danner, S. P., Dominguez, K. L., Hazra, R., Handelsman, E., … Serchuck, L. (2009). Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections among HIV-exposed and HIV-infected children: recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes of Health, the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, and the American Academy of Pediatrics. MMWR. Recommendations and Reports: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Recommendations and reports/Centers for Disease Control, 58(RR-11), 1. Munjas, B., Oliver, C. A., & Luna, B. J. (1998). Psychosocial Responses. Dalam M. Ropka & A. Williams (Eds.), HIV nurshing and symptom management. Jones & Bartlett Publisher. Nam, S. L., Fielding, K., Avalos, A., Dickinson, D., Gaolathe, T., & Geissler, P. W. (2008). The relationship of acceptance or denial of HIV-status to antiretroviral adherence among adult HIV patients in urban Botswana. Social Science & Medicine, 67(2), 301–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.03.042 Nursalam., & Kurniawati, N. D. (2007). Asuhan keperawatan pada pasien terinfeksi HIV/AIDS. Jakarta: Salemba Medika. Rohmah, Nur. (2011). Studi Deskriptif tentang Tingkat Kebermaknaan Hidup Lansia yang Tinggal di Unit Rehabilitasi Sosial Wening Wardoyo Ungaran. Skripsi. Universitas Negeri Semarang Sarikusuma, H., Hasanah, N., & Herani, I. (2012). Konsep Diri orang dengan HIV dan AIDS (ODHA) yang menerima label negatif dan diskriminasi dari lingkungan sosial. Psikologia: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Psikologi, 7(1). Retrieved from https://jurnal.usu.ac.id/index.php/psikologia/article/view/400 Siboro, H. K. (2014). Pengaruh dukungan keluarga terhadap keberfungsian sosial orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA) di Rumah Singgah Caritas PSE Medan. Welfare StatE, 2(4). Retrieved from http://202.0.107.5/index.php/ws/article/view/6226 Smith, J.A., Flowers, P., Larkin, M., 2010 Soedarto. (2009). Penyakit menular di Indonesia. Jakarta: Anggota Ikapi. Sumanto. (2006). Kajian Psikologis Kebermaknaan Hidup. Buletin Psikologi, Vol 12 no 2 Tao, J., Wang, L., Kipp, A. M., Qian, H.-Z., Yin, L., Ruan, Y., … Vermund, S. H. (2017). Relationship of Stigma and Depression Among Newly HIV-Diagnosed Chinese Men Who Have Sex with Men. AIDS and Behavior, 21(1), 292–299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-016-1477-8 Taylor, S. E. (2009). Health psychology. US: McGraw-Hill Companies. Utama, T. T & Sanpedro, Y. (10 April 2015). Victory Plus: Pembawa Harapan bagi ODHA [web log post]. Diperoleh dari http://citralekha.com/victoryplus/

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Details

Journal Section	Articles
Authors	Nur Amin Barokah Asfari
Publication Date	December 27, 2017
Submission Date	August 23, 2017
Published in Issue	Year 2017

Cite

EndNote	Asfari NAB (December 1, 2017) THE MEANING OF LIFE ON WARIA LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS (HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS/ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY): A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY. IJASOS- International E-journal of Advances in Social Sciences 3 9 976–986.