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Research Article
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Year 2023, , 396 - 410, 29.12.2023

Abdulmelik Alkan

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10459057

Abstract

References

  • Adu, Joseph, et al. "A discussion of Some Controversies in Mixed Methods Research for Emerging Researchers." Methodological Innovations, 2022, https://doi.org/20597991221123398.
  • Abbasbeyli, Agalar. “Caucasus in the World Politics. Akademik Bakış Uluslararası Hakemli Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi,” (64), 48-56. https://doi.org/10.47525/ulasbid.837873.
  • Abbasov, Ilham, Delihuseyinoglu, Hulya, Pipia, Mariam, Rumyansev, Sergey and Sanamyan “Ethnic Groups and Conflicts in the South Caucasus and Turkey. “The Caucasus Edition: Journal of Conflict Transformation. 2016, <caucasusedition.net/old/wp content/uploads/2016/02/Download-PDF.pdf>
  • Alkan, Abdulmelik. Turkey Foreign Policy on Kin, Relative, Religious and Diaspora Communities in Georgia in 2002-2023 (unpublished dissertation)
  • Aleksanyan, Larisa M. "Turkish-Georgian Relations in the Context of Turkey’s Regional Policy at the Current Stage." Post-Soviet Issues, vol. 4, no. 4, 2017, pp. 307-320. doi.org/10.24975/2313-8920-2017-4-4-307-320.
  • Aras, Bülent. “Turkey's policy in the former Soviet south: Assets and options.” Turkish Studies.
  • Aras, Bülent and Akpinar, Pinar. “The relations between Turkey and the Caucasus.” Perceptions: Journal of International Affairs, vol. 16, no. 3, 2011, pp. 53-68.
  • Aras, Bülent; “The Davutoğlu Era in Turkish Foreign Policy”, Insight Turkey, Vol.11 No.3, 2009, p.129.
  • Areshev, Andrei. "Turkey’s policies in the Southern Caucasus and regional security mechanisms. Turkish-Russian academics: A Historical Study on the Caucasus." 2016, vol. 4, 2016, pp 7-22.
  • Aydin, Mustafa. “Foucault's pendulum: Turkey in Central Asia and the Caucasus. Turkish studies, 2004, vol. 5, no. 2, pp.1-22.
  • Aydin, Mustafa. “New Geopolitics of Central Asia and the Caucasus; Causes of Instability and Predicament.” Ankara: Center for Strategic Research. 2000.
  • Aydin, Mustafa. “Turkey's Caucasus policies.” In M. Aydin (Ed.), Non-traditional security threats and regional cooperation in the southern Caucasus. IOS Press, 2011. 139-150.
  • Brzezinski, Z. (2016). The grand chessboard: American primacy and its geostrategic imperatives. Basic books.
  • Balci, Bayram, and Thomas Liles. "Turkey and the Caucasus: Mutual interests and influences in the post-Soviet era." Routledge Handbook of the Caucasus. Routledge, 2020. 331-346
  • Balci, Bayram and Motika, Raoul. “Islam in Post-Soviet Georgia. Central Asian Survey,” 2007, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 335-353. <https://doi.org/10.1080/02634930701702399>
  • Baran, Zeyno. “Turkey and the Caucasus.” In Turkish Foreign Policy in Cold War Era, edited by Idris Bal, 270. Brown Walker Press, 2004.
  • Çaman Efe M. and Akyurt Ali M. “Caucasus and Central Asia in Turkish Foreign policy: The time has come for a new regional policy.” Alternatives. Turkish Journal of International Relations, vol. 2-3, no. 10, 2011, pp. 45-64.
  • Cecire, Michael, Gogolashvili, Kakha and Sichinava, David. “Foreign Policy Changes in Georgia. Caucasus Analytical Digest (CAD),” 48, 2013, Doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-009915300.
  • Çelikpala, Mitat. “Turkey as a Regional Power and the Caucasus.” Insight Turkey, 2007, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 25-30. Chkhikvadze, Ivane. “Zero problems with neighbors: The case of Georgia.” Turkish Policy Quarterly, 2011, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 1-9.
  • Davutoglu, Ahmet. “Turkey’s Zero-Problems Foreign Policy.” Foreign Policy, May 10, 2010. Accessed
  • Davutoglu, Ahmet (2008). Turkey's Top Foreign Policy Aide Worries about False Optimism in Iraq, Council on Foreign Relations, September 19, 2008, http://www. cfr.org/publication/17291/html.December 12, 2019. http://jft-newspaper.aub.edu.lb/reserve/data/s11244/s11244.pdf
  • Dawadi, Saraswati, Sagun Shrestha, and Ram A. Giri. "Mixed-Methods Research: A Discussion on its Types, Challenges, and Criticisms." Online Submission, vol. 2, no. 2, 2021, pp. 25-36.
  • Eissler, Eric R. “Can Turkey De-Isolate Abkhazia.” Turkish Policy Quarterly, 12(3), 2013, pp. 125-135.
  • Ekinci, Dinem. “Partnership in the Making since1991: Black Sea and Caspian Concerns of Turkey and Georgia. Tbilisi-Batumi: Globalization and Security in Black and Caspian Seas regions.” 2011, pp. 43-56.
  • Ekinci, Dinem. “Partnership in the Making since 1991: Black Sea and Caspian Security Concerns of Turkey and Georgia. In 6th Silk Road International Conference Globalization and Security in Black and Caspian Seas Regions.” 2011.
  • Frahm, Ole, Katharina Hoffmann, and Dirk Lehmkuhl. "Turkey and the Eastern partnership: Turkey’s Foreign Policy towards Its post-Soviet Black Sea neighborhood." (2018).
  • Fotiou, Eleni. “Caucasus Stability and Cooperation Platform: What is at Stake for Regional Cooperation.” ICBSS Policy Brief, 16, 2009, pp. 1-22.
  • Gafarli, Orkhan. “The Role of North Caucasus Diaspora Groups in Turkey-Russian Relations.” Turkish Policy Quarterly, vol. 13, no. 1, 2014, pp. 172-182.
  • Galichian, Rouben. "Armenia, Azerbaijan and Turkey: Addressing Paradoxes of Culture, Geography and History. "2019, pp. 7-89.
  • Grassi, Fabio L. "The Cultural and Political Claims of the Caucasian Minorities in Turkey." 2020. DOI:<10.30687/978-88-6969-453-0/011>
  • Göksel, Diba N. “Turkey and Georgia: Zero-Problems?” German Marshall Fund of the United States. 2013. Doi: <https://lib.ugent.be/catalog/ebk01:4100000007701051.>
  • Göksel, Diba. “Turkey and Georgia, Zero Problems?” Black Sea Trust for Regional Cooperation.2013, pp. 6-8.
  • Göksel, Diba. “Caucasus Policy of Turkey. The Caucasus Neighborhood, Turkey and the South Caucasus,
  • Yerevan: Dasan; 2008, pp. 15-29. https://c-i.am/wp-content/uploads/Caucasus_Eng3.pdf.
  • Göksel, Nigar. “Turkish policy towards the Caucasus: A Balance Sheet of the Balancing Act. Center for Economics and Foreign Policy Studies.” 2011.
  • Görgülü, Aybars and Krikorian, Onnik. “Turkey’s South Caucasus Agenda: The Role of State and Non-State Actors. Eurasia Partnership Foundation” (TESEV Foreign Policy Program), 2012, pp. 49-59.
  • H Mackinder, H. J. (1904). The geographical pivot of history. Royal Geographical Society
  • Haushofer, K. (1928). Bausteine zur Geopolitik. Kurt Vowincke
  • Hill, Fiona, Kirişci, Kemal and Moffatt, Andrew. “Armenia and Turkey: From Normalization to Reconciliation.” Turkish Policy Quarterly, vol. 13, no. 4, 2014, pp. 127- 138.
  • Ivanov, Vladimir. “Religious Dimension of Turkey’s Policy in Ajaria and the Georgian Orthodox Church. Central Asia and the Caucasus,” vol. 12, no. 3, 2011, pp. 79-90.
  • Joshua Kuchara (2017) Georgians Wary of Turkey’s Rising Influence in Batumi Eurasiannet. Accessed 4.2.2021. https://eurasianet.org/georgians-wary-of-turkeys-rising-influence-in-batumi
  • Kamrava, Mehran. "The China model and the Middle East." Routledge Handbook ON China Middle East Relations. Routledge, 2021. 338-354.
  • Kapanadze, Sergi. “Turkish trade with Abkhazia: An apple of discord for Georgia.” Turkish Policy Quarterly, 2014, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 55-68.
  • Kardas, Saban. “Turkish–Azerbaijani Energy Cooperation and Nabucco: Testing the Limits of the New Turkish Foreign Policy Rhetoric.” Turkish studies, vol. 12, no. 1, 2011, pp. 55-77.
  • https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2011.563503
  • Kengerly, Ziia. “Turkey’s Geopolitical Interests in Caucasus. Central Asia and Caucasus”, vol. 6, 2004, pp. 34-65.
  • Kirişci Kemal and Moffat Andrew. “Turkey and the South Caucasus: An Opportunity for Soft Regionalism.” Regional Security Issues. Vol. 1, 2015, pp. 67-89.
  • Kraus, Sascha, et al. "Literature Reviews as Independent Studies: Guidelines for Academic Practice. "Review of Managerial Science vol. 16, no. 8, 2022, pp. 2577-2595.
  • Kutlay, Mustafa, and Ziya Öniş. "Understanding oscillations in Turkish foreign policy: pathways to unusual middle power activism." Third World Quarterly 42.12 (2021): 3051-3069. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2021.1985449
  • Levitt, Heidi M., et al. "The Methodological Integrity of Critical Qualitative Research: Principles to Support Design and Research Review. "Journal of Counseling Psychology 68.3 (2021): 357.
  • Lochmiller, Chad R. "Conducting Thematic Analysis with Qualitative Data." Qualitative Report, 26.6 (2021).
  • Mamusa, Tsereteli. “Turkey and the Evolving Black Sea-Caspian Region; Potential for a New Positive Agenda.” Panorama, 2020, April 26.
  • Mikhelidze, Nona. “Turkey’s Policy in the Black Sea Region: Oscillating between Pragmatism and Opportunism,” 2017.
  • Oskanian, Kevork. “Turkey’s Global Strategy: Turkey and the Caucasus.” 2011 http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/43497/> Reus-Smit, Christian. "Constructivism." Theories of International Relations, 2013, pp. 217-240.
  • Ryabov, Andrey. "Russian Interests and Strategies in the South Caucasus." South Caucasus – 20 Years of Independence, p. 259.
  • Sanikidze, George and Walker, Edward W. “Islam and Islamic practices in Georgia.” 2004 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7149d486.
  • Soysal, M. (2004). The future of Turkish foreign policy. The future of Turkish foreign policy, 37-46. Spykman, N. J., & Nicholl, H. R. (1944). Geography of the Peace.
  • Ter-Matevosyan, Vahram. "Cooperation Paradigms in the South Caucasus." Études arméniennes contemporaines, no. 4, 2014, pp. 103-125. https://doi.org/10.4000/eac.689
  • Valiyev, Javid. “Azerbaijan-Georgia-Turkey Triangle: The Main Features of Cooperation”. Caucasus International, vol. 5, no. 3, 2015, pp. 27-44.
  • Vindimian, Marianna. “Evolution of Turkish Foreign Policy towards Georgia.” Universitäts-und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2010.
  • Zhiltsov, Sergey S. “Pipeline Architecture in the Caspian region: Results and Prospects.” Politbook, 2, 2015, pp. 114-132.
  • Zürcher, Erik J., ed. Turkey in the Twentieth Century. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, 2022.pp. 549-609.

TURKEY GEORGIA RELATIONS: CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW

Year 2023, , 396 - 410, 29.12.2023

Abdulmelik Alkan

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10459057

Abstract

DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10459057

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to critically assess the major contributions to the academic literature on Turkey-Georgian relations focusing on the period from the date from J.D.P party came to power in 2002 to 2022. Based on a qualitative approach using an integrative and comprehensive literature review, the authors performed a content analysis of high-impact, peer-reviewed papers. The paper discusses some of the various factors have helped shape Turkey and South Caucasus relations. The studies provide insights but have literature gaps that require further explanations and more theoretical backing. This only occurs if nations and regions coexist peacefully and create development policies that ensure competitiveness and increase the productivity of the regions. Therefore, this paper reviews two decades of research on Turkey-Georgian relations focusing on Turkeys presence and influence on the South Caucasus. It also provides suggestions that are insightful for future research and provides a new way to interpret the contemporary world and analyze the complexities of political power shifts. The paper also suggests that understanding the contemporary world would help in critically interpreting the influence of the international political economy, allow one to understand political and economic structures and hierarchies which drive economic nationalism and globalization. Most of the conclusions drawn from this paper need to be re-explored and supported by additional research. This could be done by widening the scope of the analysis. There was limited quantitative data to support the evidence-based qualitative analyses all within a framework that considers more political and historical dimensions.

Keywords

Georgia Turkey Literature review International Relations

References

  • Adu, Joseph, et al. "A discussion of Some Controversies in Mixed Methods Research for Emerging Researchers." Methodological Innovations, 2022, https://doi.org/20597991221123398.
  • Abbasbeyli, Agalar. “Caucasus in the World Politics. Akademik Bakış Uluslararası Hakemli Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi,” (64), 48-56. https://doi.org/10.47525/ulasbid.837873.
  • Abbasov, Ilham, Delihuseyinoglu, Hulya, Pipia, Mariam, Rumyansev, Sergey and Sanamyan “Ethnic Groups and Conflicts in the South Caucasus and Turkey. “The Caucasus Edition: Journal of Conflict Transformation. 2016, <caucasusedition.net/old/wp content/uploads/2016/02/Download-PDF.pdf>
  • Alkan, Abdulmelik. Turkey Foreign Policy on Kin, Relative, Religious and Diaspora Communities in Georgia in 2002-2023 (unpublished dissertation)
  • Aleksanyan, Larisa M. "Turkish-Georgian Relations in the Context of Turkey’s Regional Policy at the Current Stage." Post-Soviet Issues, vol. 4, no. 4, 2017, pp. 307-320. doi.org/10.24975/2313-8920-2017-4-4-307-320.
  • Aras, Bülent. “Turkey's policy in the former Soviet south: Assets and options.” Turkish Studies.
  • Aras, Bülent and Akpinar, Pinar. “The relations between Turkey and the Caucasus.” Perceptions: Journal of International Affairs, vol. 16, no. 3, 2011, pp. 53-68.
  • Aras, Bülent; “The Davutoğlu Era in Turkish Foreign Policy”, Insight Turkey, Vol.11 No.3, 2009, p.129.
  • Areshev, Andrei. "Turkey’s policies in the Southern Caucasus and regional security mechanisms. Turkish-Russian academics: A Historical Study on the Caucasus." 2016, vol. 4, 2016, pp 7-22.
  • Aydin, Mustafa. “Foucault's pendulum: Turkey in Central Asia and the Caucasus. Turkish studies, 2004, vol. 5, no. 2, pp.1-22.
  • Aydin, Mustafa. “New Geopolitics of Central Asia and the Caucasus; Causes of Instability and Predicament.” Ankara: Center for Strategic Research. 2000.
  • Aydin, Mustafa. “Turkey's Caucasus policies.” In M. Aydin (Ed.), Non-traditional security threats and regional cooperation in the southern Caucasus. IOS Press, 2011. 139-150.
  • Brzezinski, Z. (2016). The grand chessboard: American primacy and its geostrategic imperatives. Basic books.
  • Balci, Bayram, and Thomas Liles. "Turkey and the Caucasus: Mutual interests and influences in the post-Soviet era." Routledge Handbook of the Caucasus. Routledge, 2020. 331-346
  • Balci, Bayram and Motika, Raoul. “Islam in Post-Soviet Georgia. Central Asian Survey,” 2007, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 335-353. <https://doi.org/10.1080/02634930701702399>
  • Baran, Zeyno. “Turkey and the Caucasus.” In Turkish Foreign Policy in Cold War Era, edited by Idris Bal, 270. Brown Walker Press, 2004.
  • Çaman Efe M. and Akyurt Ali M. “Caucasus and Central Asia in Turkish Foreign policy: The time has come for a new regional policy.” Alternatives. Turkish Journal of International Relations, vol. 2-3, no. 10, 2011, pp. 45-64.
  • Cecire, Michael, Gogolashvili, Kakha and Sichinava, David. “Foreign Policy Changes in Georgia. Caucasus Analytical Digest (CAD),” 48, 2013, Doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-009915300.
  • Çelikpala, Mitat. “Turkey as a Regional Power and the Caucasus.” Insight Turkey, 2007, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 25-30. Chkhikvadze, Ivane. “Zero problems with neighbors: The case of Georgia.” Turkish Policy Quarterly, 2011, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 1-9.
  • Davutoglu, Ahmet. “Turkey’s Zero-Problems Foreign Policy.” Foreign Policy, May 10, 2010. Accessed
  • Davutoglu, Ahmet (2008). Turkey's Top Foreign Policy Aide Worries about False Optimism in Iraq, Council on Foreign Relations, September 19, 2008, http://www. cfr.org/publication/17291/html.December 12, 2019. http://jft-newspaper.aub.edu.lb/reserve/data/s11244/s11244.pdf
  • Dawadi, Saraswati, Sagun Shrestha, and Ram A. Giri. "Mixed-Methods Research: A Discussion on its Types, Challenges, and Criticisms." Online Submission, vol. 2, no. 2, 2021, pp. 25-36.
  • Eissler, Eric R. “Can Turkey De-Isolate Abkhazia.” Turkish Policy Quarterly, 12(3), 2013, pp. 125-135.
  • Ekinci, Dinem. “Partnership in the Making since1991: Black Sea and Caspian Concerns of Turkey and Georgia. Tbilisi-Batumi: Globalization and Security in Black and Caspian Seas regions.” 2011, pp. 43-56.
  • Ekinci, Dinem. “Partnership in the Making since 1991: Black Sea and Caspian Security Concerns of Turkey and Georgia. In 6th Silk Road International Conference Globalization and Security in Black and Caspian Seas Regions.” 2011.
  • Frahm, Ole, Katharina Hoffmann, and Dirk Lehmkuhl. "Turkey and the Eastern partnership: Turkey’s Foreign Policy towards Its post-Soviet Black Sea neighborhood." (2018).
  • Fotiou, Eleni. “Caucasus Stability and Cooperation Platform: What is at Stake for Regional Cooperation.” ICBSS Policy Brief, 16, 2009, pp. 1-22.
  • Gafarli, Orkhan. “The Role of North Caucasus Diaspora Groups in Turkey-Russian Relations.” Turkish Policy Quarterly, vol. 13, no. 1, 2014, pp. 172-182.
  • Galichian, Rouben. "Armenia, Azerbaijan and Turkey: Addressing Paradoxes of Culture, Geography and History. "2019, pp. 7-89.
  • Grassi, Fabio L. "The Cultural and Political Claims of the Caucasian Minorities in Turkey." 2020. DOI:<10.30687/978-88-6969-453-0/011>
  • Göksel, Diba N. “Turkey and Georgia: Zero-Problems?” German Marshall Fund of the United States. 2013. Doi: <https://lib.ugent.be/catalog/ebk01:4100000007701051.>
  • Göksel, Diba. “Turkey and Georgia, Zero Problems?” Black Sea Trust for Regional Cooperation.2013, pp. 6-8.
  • Göksel, Diba. “Caucasus Policy of Turkey. The Caucasus Neighborhood, Turkey and the South Caucasus,
  • Yerevan: Dasan; 2008, pp. 15-29. https://c-i.am/wp-content/uploads/Caucasus_Eng3.pdf.
  • Göksel, Nigar. “Turkish policy towards the Caucasus: A Balance Sheet of the Balancing Act. Center for Economics and Foreign Policy Studies.” 2011.
  • Görgülü, Aybars and Krikorian, Onnik. “Turkey’s South Caucasus Agenda: The Role of State and Non-State Actors. Eurasia Partnership Foundation” (TESEV Foreign Policy Program), 2012, pp. 49-59.
  • H Mackinder, H. J. (1904). The geographical pivot of history. Royal Geographical Society
  • Haushofer, K. (1928). Bausteine zur Geopolitik. Kurt Vowincke
  • Hill, Fiona, Kirişci, Kemal and Moffatt, Andrew. “Armenia and Turkey: From Normalization to Reconciliation.” Turkish Policy Quarterly, vol. 13, no. 4, 2014, pp. 127- 138.
  • Ivanov, Vladimir. “Religious Dimension of Turkey’s Policy in Ajaria and the Georgian Orthodox Church. Central Asia and the Caucasus,” vol. 12, no. 3, 2011, pp. 79-90.
  • Joshua Kuchara (2017) Georgians Wary of Turkey’s Rising Influence in Batumi Eurasiannet. Accessed 4.2.2021. https://eurasianet.org/georgians-wary-of-turkeys-rising-influence-in-batumi
  • Kamrava, Mehran. "The China model and the Middle East." Routledge Handbook ON China Middle East Relations. Routledge, 2021. 338-354.
  • Kapanadze, Sergi. “Turkish trade with Abkhazia: An apple of discord for Georgia.” Turkish Policy Quarterly, 2014, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 55-68.
  • Kardas, Saban. “Turkish–Azerbaijani Energy Cooperation and Nabucco: Testing the Limits of the New Turkish Foreign Policy Rhetoric.” Turkish studies, vol. 12, no. 1, 2011, pp. 55-77.
  • https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2011.563503
  • Kengerly, Ziia. “Turkey’s Geopolitical Interests in Caucasus. Central Asia and Caucasus”, vol. 6, 2004, pp. 34-65.
  • Kirişci Kemal and Moffat Andrew. “Turkey and the South Caucasus: An Opportunity for Soft Regionalism.” Regional Security Issues. Vol. 1, 2015, pp. 67-89.
  • Kraus, Sascha, et al. "Literature Reviews as Independent Studies: Guidelines for Academic Practice. "Review of Managerial Science vol. 16, no. 8, 2022, pp. 2577-2595.
  • Kutlay, Mustafa, and Ziya Öniş. "Understanding oscillations in Turkish foreign policy: pathways to unusual middle power activism." Third World Quarterly 42.12 (2021): 3051-3069. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2021.1985449
  • Levitt, Heidi M., et al. "The Methodological Integrity of Critical Qualitative Research: Principles to Support Design and Research Review. "Journal of Counseling Psychology 68.3 (2021): 357.
  • Lochmiller, Chad R. "Conducting Thematic Analysis with Qualitative Data." Qualitative Report, 26.6 (2021).
  • Mamusa, Tsereteli. “Turkey and the Evolving Black Sea-Caspian Region; Potential for a New Positive Agenda.” Panorama, 2020, April 26.
  • Mikhelidze, Nona. “Turkey’s Policy in the Black Sea Region: Oscillating between Pragmatism and Opportunism,” 2017.
  • Oskanian, Kevork. “Turkey’s Global Strategy: Turkey and the Caucasus.” 2011 http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/43497/> Reus-Smit, Christian. "Constructivism." Theories of International Relations, 2013, pp. 217-240.
  • Ryabov, Andrey. "Russian Interests and Strategies in the South Caucasus." South Caucasus – 20 Years of Independence, p. 259.
  • Sanikidze, George and Walker, Edward W. “Islam and Islamic practices in Georgia.” 2004 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7149d486.
  • Soysal, M. (2004). The future of Turkish foreign policy. The future of Turkish foreign policy, 37-46. Spykman, N. J., & Nicholl, H. R. (1944). Geography of the Peace.
  • Ter-Matevosyan, Vahram. "Cooperation Paradigms in the South Caucasus." Études arméniennes contemporaines, no. 4, 2014, pp. 103-125. https://doi.org/10.4000/eac.689
  • Valiyev, Javid. “Azerbaijan-Georgia-Turkey Triangle: The Main Features of Cooperation”. Caucasus International, vol. 5, no. 3, 2015, pp. 27-44.
  • Vindimian, Marianna. “Evolution of Turkish Foreign Policy towards Georgia.” Universitäts-und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2010.
  • Zhiltsov, Sergey S. “Pipeline Architecture in the Caspian region: Results and Prospects.” Politbook, 2, 2015, pp. 114-132.
  • Zürcher, Erik J., ed. Turkey in the Twentieth Century. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, 2022.pp. 549-609.
There are 62 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Politics in International Relations
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Abdulmelik Alkan

Early Pub Date January 4, 2024
Publication Date December 29, 2023
Submission Date October 13, 2023
Acceptance Date October 28, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

EndNote Alkan A (December 1, 2023) TURKEY GEORGIA RELATIONS: CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW. IJASOS- International E-journal of Advances in Social Sciences 9 27 396–410.

Contact: ijasosjournal@hotmail.com

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