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INDONESIA’S LEADERSHIP ROLE IN ASEAN: HISTORY AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

Year 2015, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 188 - 197, 31.08.2015

Bama Putra

https://doi.org/10.18769/ijasos.82584

Abstract

Indonesia is perceived as a natural de facto leader of the International Organization of ASEAN since its establishment in 1967. Myriad factors have contributed towards this highly regarded position in ASEAN, including its persistence towards measures of regionalism, hence positioning ASEAN at the central core of Indonesia’s foreign policies throughout the years. As one of the founding members of ASEAN, key past foreign policies have reflected an intention to shape the organization in a manner most ideal for Indonesia. Thus it is crucial to further understand in what nature and to what extent has Indonesia led ASEAN in the past, and what are Indonesia’s prospects in leading ASEAN with the change of presidency that the state faces now. Based on those questions, the paper explores Indonesia’s leadership role in ASEAN with focus upon Indonesia’s historical role in conflict management correlated with ASEAN member states, and its capacity in architecting contemporary ASEAN institutions. It argues Indonesia’s active ad hoc diplomacy in settling various security issues related to the territorial disputes over the Preah Vihear Temple between Cambodia and Thailand, and tensions in the South China Sea. It further argues Indonesia’s vital role in establishing key institutions and norms including the ASEAN Political and Security Community and the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights. Finally the paper focuses on Indonesia’s ostensible rise, and its prospects in continuing its ASEAN leadership role under the newly elected Joko Widodo, pertinent towards the G20 and policy to reassure neighboring states of its non-belligerent rise.

Keywords: Indonesia; ASEAN; Regionalism; Leadership; Institutionalism; Southeast Asia

Keywords

Indonesia; ASEAN; Regionalism; Leadership; Institutionalism; Southeast Asia

References

  • Anwar, Dewi Fortuna. (1994). Indonesia in ASEAN: Foreign Policy and Regionalism. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
  • Anwar, Dewi Fortuna. (2013). “Reinvention in Indonesia’s Foreign Policy Strategy”. East Asia Forum Quarterly: Economics, Politics, and Public Policy in East Asia and the Pacific, 5 (4).
  • ASEAN. (1971). Zone of Peace, Freedom, and Neutrality Declaration: Adopted by the Foreign Ministers at the Special ASEAN Foreign Ministers Meeting. Kuala Lumpur: Association of Southeast Asian Nations.
  • ASEAN. (2002). Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea: Adopted by the Foreign Ministers of ASEAN and the People’s Republic of China at the 8th ASEAN Summit. Phnom Penh: Association of Southeast Asian Nations.
  • ASEAN. (2008). ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint. Singapore: Association of Southeast Asian Nations.
  • Borzel, Tanja A., Goltermann, Lukas, Mathis, Lohaus, & Striebinger, Kai. (2012). Roads to Regionalism, Genesis, Design, and Effects of Regional Organizations. UK: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
  • Connelly, Aaron L. (2014). “Indonesian Foreign Policy under President Jokowi”. Lowy Institute for International Policy, October.
  • Emmers, Ralf. (2014). “Indonesia’s Role in ASEAN: A Case of Incomplete and Sectorial Leadership”. The Pacific Review. 27 (4).
  • Garnaut R. (2012). “Indonesia in the New World Balance”. In Reid, Anthony (Ed.) Indonesia Rising: The Repositioning of Asia’s Third Giant. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
  • Grant, Richard. (2011). “Regional Institutions Following EAS 2011”. Asia:NZ Foundation, December.
  • Hermawan, Yulius P. (2011). “G-20 Research Project: The Role of Indonesia in the G-20: Background, Role and Objectives of Indonesia’s Membership”. Friedrich Ebert Stiftung Indonesia Office in Cooperation with the Department of International Relations, Parahyangan University, 80-84.
  • Karim, Mohd. Aminul. (2013). “The South China Sea Disputes: Is High Politics Overtaking?”. Pacific Focus Inha Journal of International Studies, 28 (1).
  • Keohane, Robert O. (1984). After Hegemony, Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Kindleberger, Charles. (1979). The World in Depression, 1929-1939. Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  • Kumar, Rajesh. (1997). Non-Alignment Policy of Indonesia. Jakarta: Centre for Strategic and International Studies.
  • Liow, Joseph Chinyong. (1995). Dictionary of the Modern Politics of Southeast Asia: 4th edition. NY: Routledge.
  • Nabbs-keller, Greta. (2014). “Strategic Centrality, Political Uncertainty: Prospects for Defense and Security Under President Joko Widodo”. Perth USAsia Centre United.
  • Norkevičius, Mindaugas. (2014). “Regional Institutionalism in Southeast Asia”. Societal Studies. 6 (1).
  • O’neill, Jim. (2001). “Building Better Global Economic BRICs”. Goldhman Sachs Global Economic Paper. 66.
  • OECD. (2013). “Structural Policy Country Notes: Indonesia”. Southeast Asian Economic Outlook 2013, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2.
  • Parameswaran, Prashanth. (2014). “Is Indonesia Turning Away from ASEAN Under Jokowi? Early Signs Point to a far more Bilateral, Domestic Oriented Foreign Policy”. The Diplomat, accessed 05 February 2014. http://thediplomat.com/2014/12/is-indonesia-turning-away-from-asean-under-jokowi/.
  • Piesse, Mervyn. (2015). “Indonesian Foreign Policy and the Regional Impact of its Maritime Doctrine”. Future Directions International, January.
  • Piesse, Mervyn. (2015). “The Indonesian Maritime Doctrine: Realizing the Potential of the Ocean”. Future Directions International, Strategic Analysis Paper, January.
  • Poling, Gregory. (2013). “Dynamic Equilibrium: Indonesia’s Blueprint for a 21st Century Asia Pacific”. Center for Strategic and International Studies, 4 (5).
  • Rattanasevee, Pattharapong. (2014). “Leadership in ASEAN: The Role of Indonesia Reconsidered”. Asian Journal of Political Science, 22 (2).
  • Roberts, Christopher. (2005). “The ‘ASEAN Charter’: A Crossroads for the Region?”. IDSS Commentaries, 2005.
  • Saragih, Bagus BT. (2015). “Jokowi on ‘People-Based Diplomacy”. The Jakarta Post. Accessed 17 February 2015. http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/09/10/jokowi-people-based-diplomacy.html.
  • Sebastian, Leonard C. (2013). “Indonesia’s Dynamic Equilibrium and ASEAN Centrality”. The NIDS International Symposium, November.
  • Sebastian, Leonard C. & Syailendra, Emirza Adi. (2014). “Jokowi’s “Look West” Foreign Policy: Expanding Indonesia’s Sphere of Influence”. RSIS Commentary, 207.
  • Sukma, Rizal. (2012). “Indonesian Foreign Policy: Domestic Politics and International Posture: Constraints and Possibilities”. In Reid, Anthony (Ed.) Indonesia Rising: The Repositioning of Asia’s Third Giant. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 79-85.
  • Suryadinata, Leo. (1996). Indonesia’s Foreign Policy Under Suharto, Aspiring to International Leadership. Singapore: Times Academic Press.
  • The Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic Indonesia. (2015). Annual Press Statement Minister for Foreign Affairs Republic of Indonesia, 8 January 2015, 1-7.
  • Traviss, Alexander C. (2012). “Temple of Preah Vihear: Lessons on Provisional Measures”. Chicago Journal of International Law, 13 (1).
  • Widodo, Joko & Kalla, Jusuf. (2014). Berdaulat dalam bidang politik, berdikari dalam bidang ekonomi dan berkepribadiaan dalam kebudayaan, Jokowi-Jusuf Kalla 2014, Jalan Perubahan Untuk Indonesia Yang Berdaulat, Mandiri Dan Berkepribadian: Visi, Misi Dan Program Aksi. Jakarta, May 2014.
  • Widyaningsih, Erlina & Roberts, Christopher B. (2014). “Indonesia in ASEAN: Mediation, Leadership, and Extra-Mural Diplomacy”. National Security College Issue Brief, May.

Year 2015, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 188 - 197, 31.08.2015

Bama Putra

https://doi.org/10.18769/ijasos.82584

Abstract

References

  • Anwar, Dewi Fortuna. (1994). Indonesia in ASEAN: Foreign Policy and Regionalism. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
  • Anwar, Dewi Fortuna. (2013). “Reinvention in Indonesia’s Foreign Policy Strategy”. East Asia Forum Quarterly: Economics, Politics, and Public Policy in East Asia and the Pacific, 5 (4).
  • ASEAN. (1971). Zone of Peace, Freedom, and Neutrality Declaration: Adopted by the Foreign Ministers at the Special ASEAN Foreign Ministers Meeting. Kuala Lumpur: Association of Southeast Asian Nations.
  • ASEAN. (2002). Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea: Adopted by the Foreign Ministers of ASEAN and the People’s Republic of China at the 8th ASEAN Summit. Phnom Penh: Association of Southeast Asian Nations.
  • ASEAN. (2008). ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint. Singapore: Association of Southeast Asian Nations.
  • Borzel, Tanja A., Goltermann, Lukas, Mathis, Lohaus, & Striebinger, Kai. (2012). Roads to Regionalism, Genesis, Design, and Effects of Regional Organizations. UK: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
  • Connelly, Aaron L. (2014). “Indonesian Foreign Policy under President Jokowi”. Lowy Institute for International Policy, October.
  • Emmers, Ralf. (2014). “Indonesia’s Role in ASEAN: A Case of Incomplete and Sectorial Leadership”. The Pacific Review. 27 (4).
  • Garnaut R. (2012). “Indonesia in the New World Balance”. In Reid, Anthony (Ed.) Indonesia Rising: The Repositioning of Asia’s Third Giant. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
  • Grant, Richard. (2011). “Regional Institutions Following EAS 2011”. Asia:NZ Foundation, December.
  • Hermawan, Yulius P. (2011). “G-20 Research Project: The Role of Indonesia in the G-20: Background, Role and Objectives of Indonesia’s Membership”. Friedrich Ebert Stiftung Indonesia Office in Cooperation with the Department of International Relations, Parahyangan University, 80-84.
  • Karim, Mohd. Aminul. (2013). “The South China Sea Disputes: Is High Politics Overtaking?”. Pacific Focus Inha Journal of International Studies, 28 (1).
  • Keohane, Robert O. (1984). After Hegemony, Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Kindleberger, Charles. (1979). The World in Depression, 1929-1939. Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  • Kumar, Rajesh. (1997). Non-Alignment Policy of Indonesia. Jakarta: Centre for Strategic and International Studies.
  • Liow, Joseph Chinyong. (1995). Dictionary of the Modern Politics of Southeast Asia: 4th edition. NY: Routledge.
  • Nabbs-keller, Greta. (2014). “Strategic Centrality, Political Uncertainty: Prospects for Defense and Security Under President Joko Widodo”. Perth USAsia Centre United.
  • Norkevičius, Mindaugas. (2014). “Regional Institutionalism in Southeast Asia”. Societal Studies. 6 (1).
  • O’neill, Jim. (2001). “Building Better Global Economic BRICs”. Goldhman Sachs Global Economic Paper. 66.
  • OECD. (2013). “Structural Policy Country Notes: Indonesia”. Southeast Asian Economic Outlook 2013, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2.
  • Parameswaran, Prashanth. (2014). “Is Indonesia Turning Away from ASEAN Under Jokowi? Early Signs Point to a far more Bilateral, Domestic Oriented Foreign Policy”. The Diplomat, accessed 05 February 2014. http://thediplomat.com/2014/12/is-indonesia-turning-away-from-asean-under-jokowi/.
  • Piesse, Mervyn. (2015). “Indonesian Foreign Policy and the Regional Impact of its Maritime Doctrine”. Future Directions International, January.
  • Piesse, Mervyn. (2015). “The Indonesian Maritime Doctrine: Realizing the Potential of the Ocean”. Future Directions International, Strategic Analysis Paper, January.
  • Poling, Gregory. (2013). “Dynamic Equilibrium: Indonesia’s Blueprint for a 21st Century Asia Pacific”. Center for Strategic and International Studies, 4 (5).
  • Rattanasevee, Pattharapong. (2014). “Leadership in ASEAN: The Role of Indonesia Reconsidered”. Asian Journal of Political Science, 22 (2).
  • Roberts, Christopher. (2005). “The ‘ASEAN Charter’: A Crossroads for the Region?”. IDSS Commentaries, 2005.
  • Saragih, Bagus BT. (2015). “Jokowi on ‘People-Based Diplomacy”. The Jakarta Post. Accessed 17 February 2015. http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/09/10/jokowi-people-based-diplomacy.html.
  • Sebastian, Leonard C. (2013). “Indonesia’s Dynamic Equilibrium and ASEAN Centrality”. The NIDS International Symposium, November.
  • Sebastian, Leonard C. & Syailendra, Emirza Adi. (2014). “Jokowi’s “Look West” Foreign Policy: Expanding Indonesia’s Sphere of Influence”. RSIS Commentary, 207.
  • Sukma, Rizal. (2012). “Indonesian Foreign Policy: Domestic Politics and International Posture: Constraints and Possibilities”. In Reid, Anthony (Ed.) Indonesia Rising: The Repositioning of Asia’s Third Giant. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 79-85.
  • Suryadinata, Leo. (1996). Indonesia’s Foreign Policy Under Suharto, Aspiring to International Leadership. Singapore: Times Academic Press.
  • The Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic Indonesia. (2015). Annual Press Statement Minister for Foreign Affairs Republic of Indonesia, 8 January 2015, 1-7.
  • Traviss, Alexander C. (2012). “Temple of Preah Vihear: Lessons on Provisional Measures”. Chicago Journal of International Law, 13 (1).
  • Widodo, Joko & Kalla, Jusuf. (2014). Berdaulat dalam bidang politik, berdikari dalam bidang ekonomi dan berkepribadiaan dalam kebudayaan, Jokowi-Jusuf Kalla 2014, Jalan Perubahan Untuk Indonesia Yang Berdaulat, Mandiri Dan Berkepribadian: Visi, Misi Dan Program Aksi. Jakarta, May 2014.
  • Widyaningsih, Erlina & Roberts, Christopher B. (2014). “Indonesia in ASEAN: Mediation, Leadership, and Extra-Mural Diplomacy”. National Security College Issue Brief, May.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Bama Putra

Publication Date August 31, 2015
Submission Date August 30, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 1 Issue: 2

Cite

EndNote Putra B (August 1, 2015) INDONESIA’S LEADERSHIP ROLE IN ASEAN: HISTORY AND FUTURE PROSPECTS. IJASOS- International E-journal of Advances in Social Sciences 1 2 188–197.

Contact: ijasosjournal@hotmail.com

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