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DIFFERENTIATION BASED ON GENDER IN IRANIAN FOOD CULTURE

Year 2016, Volume: 2 Issue: 4, 5 - 14, 22.04.2016

Gürcan Şevket Avcıoğlu , Gamze Gizem Avcıoğlu

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to reveal how gender differentiation in the food preparation and consumption behaviors crystallizes in Iran. To this end, observations were made in Tehran, the capital city of Iran, for a period of one month in 2014. Apart from the observations, in order to be able to determine gender differentiations and gender roles in regard to food preparation and consumption, interviews were also held with ten people from different jobs, genders and ages using a semi-structured interview form. As a result of the observations and interviews, it can be stated that modernizations has taken place especially in regard to eating out. However, it was found that traditional gender patterns and gender roles continue with regard to food preparation and consumption at home. In short, the food is seen as a woman’s thing.

Keywords: Iran, gender, gender roles, food culture

Keywords

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References

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  • Amin, C. M. (2002). The making of the modern Iranian women: gender, state policy and popular culture. 1865-1946. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
  • Ashley, B., Hollows, J., Jones, S. and Taylor, B. (2004). Food and cultural studies. London: Routledge.
  • Babbie, E. (2014). The practice of social research (14th edition). Boston: Cengage Learning.
  • Beardsworth, A. and Keil, T. (2011). Yemek sosyolojisi, yemek ve toplum çalışmalarına bir davet. Transl. A. Dede, Ankara: Phoenix Yayınevi.
  • Belwal S., Belwal R., Saidi F. Al (2014). Characteristics, motivations, and challenges of women entrepreneurs in Oman’s Al-Dhahira Region. Journal of Middle East Women’s Studies, Vol. 10, Nr. 2, Spring, pp. 135-151.
  • Bourdieu, P. (2013). Distinction: a social critique of the judgement of taste. Trans. R. Nice, In Food and Culture: a reader, edited by C. Counihan and P. V. Esrerik, New York: Routledge, pp. 31-39.
  • Coleman, C. A. (2012). Construction of consumer vulnerability by gender and ethics of empowerment. In Gender, Culture and Consumer Behavior, edited by C. C. Otnes and L. T. Zayer, New York: Routledge, pp. 3-32.
  • Counihan, C. M. (2005). Food and gender: identity and power. In Food and Gender: Identity and Power, edited by C. M. Counihan and S. L. Kaplan, Taylor & Francis e-Library, http://elibrary.kiu.ac.ug:8080/jspui/bitstream/1/853/1/Food%20and%20Gender%20Identity%20and%20Power.pdf, pp. 1-11.
  • Çelebi, N. (1990). Kadınlarımızın cinsiyet rolü tutumları. Konya: Sebat.
  • Douglas, M. (2003). Standart social uses of food: introduction. In Food in the Social Order, Oxon: Routledge, pp. 1-39.
  • Elliott, K. Z. (2014). Morocco and its women’s rights struggle: a failure to live up to its progressive image. Journal of Middle East Women’s Studies, Vol. 10, Nr. 2, Spring, pp. 1-30.
  • Eriksen, T. H. (2012). Küçük yerler, büyük meseleler sosyal ve kültürel antropoloji. Trans. A. E. Koca, Ankara: Birleşik.
  • Fürst, E. L. (1997). Cooking and femininity. Women’s Studies International Forum, Vol. 20, Issue 3, pp. 441-449.
  • Giddens, A. (2000). Sosyoloji. Trans. H. Özel and C. Güzel, Ankara: Ayraç.
  • Gisbert, P. (1973). Fundementals of Sociology. Kolkata: Orient Longman Private Limited.
  • Graham, M. and Rich, S. (2014). Representations of childless women in the Australian print media. Feminist Media Studies, Vol. 14, Issue 3, pp. 500-518.
  • Haviland, V. A. (2002). Kültürel Antropoloji. Trans. H. İnanç and S. Çiftçi, İstanbul: Kaknüs.
  • Hooglund, E. (2011). Changing attitudes among women in rural Iran. In Gender in Contemporary Iran, edited by R. Bahramitash and E. Hooglund, Oxon: Routledge, pp. 120-135.
  • Jackson, S. (1992). Towards a historical sociology of housework: a materialist feminist analysis. Women’s Studies International Forum, Vol. 15, Issue 2, pp. 153-172.
  • Khosrokhavar, F. and Ghaneirad M. A. (2010). Iranian women's participation in the academic world. Iranian Studies, 43: 2, pp. 223-238.
  • Malinowski, B. (1992). Bilimsel bir kültür teorisi. Transl. S. Özkal, İstanbul: Kabalcı Yayınları.
  • Maxwell, J. A. (2013). Qualitative research design: an interactive approach (3rd edition). Thousand Oaks CA: Sage Publications.
  • McIntosh, W. A. (1996). Sociologies of food and nutrition. New York: Plenum Press.
  • Moghadam, F. E. (2011). Women and social protest in the Islamic Republic of Iran. In Gender in Contemporary Iran, edited by R. Bahramitash and E. Hooglund, Oxon: Routledge, pp. 36-44.
  • Oxman-Martinez, J., Marinescu, V. and Bohard, I. (2009). Shades of violence: the media role. Women’s Studies International Forum, Vol. 32, Issue 4, pp. 296-304.
  • Pilcher, J. and Whelehan, I. (2004). 50 key concepts in gender studies. London: Sage Publications Ltd.
  • Shahidian, H. (2002a). Women in Iran: gender politics in the Islamic Republic. Westport: Greenwood Press.
  • Shahidian, H. (2002b). Women in Iran: emerging voices in the women’s movement. Westport: Greenwood Press.
  • Shahrokni, N. (2014). The mother’s paradise: women-only parks and the dynamics of state power in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal of Middle East Women’s Studies, Vol. 10, Nr. 3, Fall, pp. 87-108.
  • Shirazi, F. (2005). The sofreh: comfort and community among women in Iran. Iranian Studies, 38: 2, pp. 293-309.
  • Sotiropoulou, I. (2014). Women in alternative economy or, what do women do without official currency? Women’s Studies International Forum, Vol. 47, Part B, pp. 339-348.
  • Stevens, L. and Maclaran, P. (2012). The carnal feminine: consuming representations of womanhood in a contemporary media text. In Gender Culture and Consumer Behavior, edited by. C. C. Otnes and L. T. Zayer, New York: Routledge, pp. 63-86.
  • Warde, A. (1997). Consumption food and taste. London: Sage Publications Ltd.

Year 2016, Volume: 2 Issue: 4, 5 - 14, 22.04.2016

Gürcan Şevket Avcıoğlu , Gamze Gizem Avcıoğlu

Abstract

References

  • Alonso-Almeida M. del Mar, Perramon, J. and Bagur, L. (2015). Women managers and corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Spain: perceptions and drivers. Women’s Studies International Forum, Vol. 50, pp. 47-56.
  • Amin, C. M. (2002). The making of the modern Iranian women: gender, state policy and popular culture. 1865-1946. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
  • Ashley, B., Hollows, J., Jones, S. and Taylor, B. (2004). Food and cultural studies. London: Routledge.
  • Babbie, E. (2014). The practice of social research (14th edition). Boston: Cengage Learning.
  • Beardsworth, A. and Keil, T. (2011). Yemek sosyolojisi, yemek ve toplum çalışmalarına bir davet. Transl. A. Dede, Ankara: Phoenix Yayınevi.
  • Belwal S., Belwal R., Saidi F. Al (2014). Characteristics, motivations, and challenges of women entrepreneurs in Oman’s Al-Dhahira Region. Journal of Middle East Women’s Studies, Vol. 10, Nr. 2, Spring, pp. 135-151.
  • Bourdieu, P. (2013). Distinction: a social critique of the judgement of taste. Trans. R. Nice, In Food and Culture: a reader, edited by C. Counihan and P. V. Esrerik, New York: Routledge, pp. 31-39.
  • Coleman, C. A. (2012). Construction of consumer vulnerability by gender and ethics of empowerment. In Gender, Culture and Consumer Behavior, edited by C. C. Otnes and L. T. Zayer, New York: Routledge, pp. 3-32.
  • Counihan, C. M. (2005). Food and gender: identity and power. In Food and Gender: Identity and Power, edited by C. M. Counihan and S. L. Kaplan, Taylor & Francis e-Library, http://elibrary.kiu.ac.ug:8080/jspui/bitstream/1/853/1/Food%20and%20Gender%20Identity%20and%20Power.pdf, pp. 1-11.
  • Çelebi, N. (1990). Kadınlarımızın cinsiyet rolü tutumları. Konya: Sebat.
  • Douglas, M. (2003). Standart social uses of food: introduction. In Food in the Social Order, Oxon: Routledge, pp. 1-39.
  • Elliott, K. Z. (2014). Morocco and its women’s rights struggle: a failure to live up to its progressive image. Journal of Middle East Women’s Studies, Vol. 10, Nr. 2, Spring, pp. 1-30.
  • Eriksen, T. H. (2012). Küçük yerler, büyük meseleler sosyal ve kültürel antropoloji. Trans. A. E. Koca, Ankara: Birleşik.
  • Fürst, E. L. (1997). Cooking and femininity. Women’s Studies International Forum, Vol. 20, Issue 3, pp. 441-449.
  • Giddens, A. (2000). Sosyoloji. Trans. H. Özel and C. Güzel, Ankara: Ayraç.
  • Gisbert, P. (1973). Fundementals of Sociology. Kolkata: Orient Longman Private Limited.
  • Graham, M. and Rich, S. (2014). Representations of childless women in the Australian print media. Feminist Media Studies, Vol. 14, Issue 3, pp. 500-518.
  • Haviland, V. A. (2002). Kültürel Antropoloji. Trans. H. İnanç and S. Çiftçi, İstanbul: Kaknüs.
  • Hooglund, E. (2011). Changing attitudes among women in rural Iran. In Gender in Contemporary Iran, edited by R. Bahramitash and E. Hooglund, Oxon: Routledge, pp. 120-135.
  • Jackson, S. (1992). Towards a historical sociology of housework: a materialist feminist analysis. Women’s Studies International Forum, Vol. 15, Issue 2, pp. 153-172.
  • Khosrokhavar, F. and Ghaneirad M. A. (2010). Iranian women's participation in the academic world. Iranian Studies, 43: 2, pp. 223-238.
  • Malinowski, B. (1992). Bilimsel bir kültür teorisi. Transl. S. Özkal, İstanbul: Kabalcı Yayınları.
  • Maxwell, J. A. (2013). Qualitative research design: an interactive approach (3rd edition). Thousand Oaks CA: Sage Publications.
  • McIntosh, W. A. (1996). Sociologies of food and nutrition. New York: Plenum Press.
  • Moghadam, F. E. (2011). Women and social protest in the Islamic Republic of Iran. In Gender in Contemporary Iran, edited by R. Bahramitash and E. Hooglund, Oxon: Routledge, pp. 36-44.
  • Oxman-Martinez, J., Marinescu, V. and Bohard, I. (2009). Shades of violence: the media role. Women’s Studies International Forum, Vol. 32, Issue 4, pp. 296-304.
  • Pilcher, J. and Whelehan, I. (2004). 50 key concepts in gender studies. London: Sage Publications Ltd.
  • Shahidian, H. (2002a). Women in Iran: gender politics in the Islamic Republic. Westport: Greenwood Press.
  • Shahidian, H. (2002b). Women in Iran: emerging voices in the women’s movement. Westport: Greenwood Press.
  • Shahrokni, N. (2014). The mother’s paradise: women-only parks and the dynamics of state power in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal of Middle East Women’s Studies, Vol. 10, Nr. 3, Fall, pp. 87-108.
  • Shirazi, F. (2005). The sofreh: comfort and community among women in Iran. Iranian Studies, 38: 2, pp. 293-309.
  • Sotiropoulou, I. (2014). Women in alternative economy or, what do women do without official currency? Women’s Studies International Forum, Vol. 47, Part B, pp. 339-348.
  • Stevens, L. and Maclaran, P. (2012). The carnal feminine: consuming representations of womanhood in a contemporary media text. In Gender Culture and Consumer Behavior, edited by. C. C. Otnes and L. T. Zayer, New York: Routledge, pp. 63-86.
  • Warde, A. (1997). Consumption food and taste. London: Sage Publications Ltd.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Gürcan Şevket Avcıoğlu

Gamze Gizem Avcıoğlu

Publication Date April 22, 2016
Submission Date April 21, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016Volume: 2 Issue: 4

Cite

EndNote Avcıoğlu GŞ, Avcıoğlu GG (April 1, 2016) DIFFERENTIATION BASED ON GENDER IN IRANIAN FOOD CULTURE. IJASOS- International E-journal of Advances in Social Sciences 2 4 5–14.

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