FROM THE INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION BARRIERS TO THE INTERCULTURAL ADAPTATION: INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION EXPERIENCES
Öz
Culture is one of the key factors of a person’s perception and interpretation of his/her surrounding environment. All values, norms, meanings and symbols of a society are put across through culture. Thus, culture remains at the core of interpersonal communication. Culture is closely related to an individual’s way of establishing and maintaining communication. Information related to culture are very important for communication to become meaningful. Within this context, it is quite possible that the individuals may run into stone walls in interpersonal communication due to the fact that they are not aware of the culture-specific elements. From initiating an interpersonal communication to the way of giving a meaning to verbal and non-verbal expressions, intercultural differences have many positive/negative effects on communication. While the international students enter into a different culture in that country, they also spend time with other students from all around the world in their classes / faculties. This requires adaptation to different cultures, in other words, intercultural learning. Otherwise, this inevitably leads to various problems regarding communication. From this viewpoint, this study aims to examine the intercultural communication problems and the intercultural communication experiences of international students in the process of intercultural adaptation. For this purpose, thematic analysis method is utilized through in-depth interviews with international students, who come from different countries to study in Turkey.
Keywords: intercultural communication, intercultural adaptation, international communication experiencesKaynakça
- Andrade, M. S. (2006). International students in English-speaking universities: Adjustment factors. Journal of Research in International Education. 5(2).
- Bamford,J.( 2008). Strategies for the improvement of international students’ academic and cultural experiences of studying in the UK. Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism Network: Enhancing Series: Internationalisation.York: HEA Academy.
- Bennet, J. M. (1993). Towards ethorelativism: a developmental model of intercultural sensitivity, in. (ed.) R. Michael Paige, Education for the Intercultural Experience. Yarmouth: Intercultural Pres.
- Bhawuk, D.P.S., Landis, D. & Lo Kevin, D. (2006). Intercultural Training. In D. L. Sam. nd J. W. Berry (eds), The Cambridge Handbook of Acculturation Psychology. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
- Braun, V. &Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3 (2). pp. 77-101 from Boyatzis, R. E. (1998). Transforming qualitative information: Thematic analysis and code development. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Gudykunst, W.B., & Hammer, M.R. (1987). Strangers and hosts: An uncertainty reduction based theory of intercultural adaptation. In Kim, Y.Y. & Gudykunst, W.B. (Eds.), Cross-cultural adaptation: Current approaches. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
- Habib, L., Johannesen, M., & Øgrim, L. (2014). Experiences and Challenges of International Students in Technology-Rich Learning Environments. Educational Technology & Society, 17 (2).
- Haslberger, A (2005). Facets and dimensions of cross-cultural adaptation: refining the tools. Personnel Review. Vol. 34 No.1.
- KIM, Y. Y. (2005). Inquiry in Intercultural and Development Communica‐tion. Journal of Communication, 55 (3).
- Kim, R.K. (2004). Intercultural Communication Competence: Initial Application To Instructor’s Communication As A Basis To Assess Multicultural Teacher Education Programs, A Thesis Submitted To The Gradution Of The University Of Hawai Master of Arts.
- Li,M.& Campbell,J.(2006). Cultural Adaptation: A Case Study of Asian Students’ Learning Experiences at a New Zealand University, Proceedings of the EDU-COM 2006 International Conference. Engagement and Empowerment: New Opportunities for Growth in Higher Education, Edith Cowan University, Perth Western Australia, 22-24 November 2006. http://ro.ecu.edu.au/ceducom/86.
- Malaklolunthu, S. & Selan,P.S.(2011). Adjustment problems among international students in Malaysian private higher education institutions. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences.15.
- Natarova,T. (2011). Intercultural communication experiences of foreign students with a focus on their perspectives of national, cultural and ethnic identity: Case of Exchange and Degree Students in Jyväskylä, Finland. Master’s Thesis, Intercultural Communication Department of Communication University of Jyväskylä.
- Nicolescu, L.& Galalae, C. (2013). A Systematic Literature Review on Students’ International Mobility and Cultural Adjustment. Management & Marketing Challenges for the Knowledge Society. Vol. 8, No. 2.
- Oberg, K. (2006). Cultural Shock: Adjustment to Ne Cultural Environments, Practical Anthropology, Curare, 2006, 2+3,142-146 reprint from. Oberg, K.(1960). Cultural Shock: Adjustment to Ne Cultural Environments, Practical Anthropology, 7.
- Sawir, E, Marginson,S., Deumert,A., Nyland, C. & Ramia, G. (2008).Loneliness and International Students: An Australian Study, Journal of Studies in International Education, 12(2).
- Usó-Juan,E.& Martínez, A. (2008). Teaching Intercultural Communicative Competence through the Four Skills, Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses. 21.
- Ward, C. & Kennedy, A. (1993). Where‘s the culture‘ in cross-cultural transition? Comparative study of sojourner adjustment, Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, vol. 24, no. 2.
- _,_. (2015). Yükseköğretimin Uluslararasılaşması Çerçevesinde Türk Üniversitelerinin Uluslararası Öğrenciler İçin Çekim Merkezi Haline Getirilmesi, Araştırma Projesi Raporu, T.C.Kalkınma Bakanlığı, Kalkınma Araştırmaları Merkezi. http://www.kalkinma.gov.tr/Lists/Yaynlar/Attachments/647/Uluslararasi_Ogrenci_Raporu_2015.pdf.pdf.
Yıl 2016,
Cilt: 2 Sayı: 4, 32 - 39, 22.04.2016
Öz
Kaynakça
- Andrade, M. S. (2006). International students in English-speaking universities: Adjustment factors. Journal of Research in International Education. 5(2).
- Bamford,J.( 2008). Strategies for the improvement of international students’ academic and cultural experiences of studying in the UK. Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism Network: Enhancing Series: Internationalisation.York: HEA Academy.
- Bennet, J. M. (1993). Towards ethorelativism: a developmental model of intercultural sensitivity, in. (ed.) R. Michael Paige, Education for the Intercultural Experience. Yarmouth: Intercultural Pres.
- Bhawuk, D.P.S., Landis, D. & Lo Kevin, D. (2006). Intercultural Training. In D. L. Sam. nd J. W. Berry (eds), The Cambridge Handbook of Acculturation Psychology. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
- Braun, V. &Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3 (2). pp. 77-101 from Boyatzis, R. E. (1998). Transforming qualitative information: Thematic analysis and code development. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Gudykunst, W.B., & Hammer, M.R. (1987). Strangers and hosts: An uncertainty reduction based theory of intercultural adaptation. In Kim, Y.Y. & Gudykunst, W.B. (Eds.), Cross-cultural adaptation: Current approaches. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
- Habib, L., Johannesen, M., & Øgrim, L. (2014). Experiences and Challenges of International Students in Technology-Rich Learning Environments. Educational Technology & Society, 17 (2).
- Haslberger, A (2005). Facets and dimensions of cross-cultural adaptation: refining the tools. Personnel Review. Vol. 34 No.1.
- KIM, Y. Y. (2005). Inquiry in Intercultural and Development Communica‐tion. Journal of Communication, 55 (3).
- Kim, R.K. (2004). Intercultural Communication Competence: Initial Application To Instructor’s Communication As A Basis To Assess Multicultural Teacher Education Programs, A Thesis Submitted To The Gradution Of The University Of Hawai Master of Arts.
- Li,M.& Campbell,J.(2006). Cultural Adaptation: A Case Study of Asian Students’ Learning Experiences at a New Zealand University, Proceedings of the EDU-COM 2006 International Conference. Engagement and Empowerment: New Opportunities for Growth in Higher Education, Edith Cowan University, Perth Western Australia, 22-24 November 2006. http://ro.ecu.edu.au/ceducom/86.
- Malaklolunthu, S. & Selan,P.S.(2011). Adjustment problems among international students in Malaysian private higher education institutions. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences.15.
- Natarova,T. (2011). Intercultural communication experiences of foreign students with a focus on their perspectives of national, cultural and ethnic identity: Case of Exchange and Degree Students in Jyväskylä, Finland. Master’s Thesis, Intercultural Communication Department of Communication University of Jyväskylä.
- Nicolescu, L.& Galalae, C. (2013). A Systematic Literature Review on Students’ International Mobility and Cultural Adjustment. Management & Marketing Challenges for the Knowledge Society. Vol. 8, No. 2.
- Oberg, K. (2006). Cultural Shock: Adjustment to Ne Cultural Environments, Practical Anthropology, Curare, 2006, 2+3,142-146 reprint from. Oberg, K.(1960). Cultural Shock: Adjustment to Ne Cultural Environments, Practical Anthropology, 7.
- Sawir, E, Marginson,S., Deumert,A., Nyland, C. & Ramia, G. (2008).Loneliness and International Students: An Australian Study, Journal of Studies in International Education, 12(2).
- Usó-Juan,E.& Martínez, A. (2008). Teaching Intercultural Communicative Competence through the Four Skills, Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses. 21.
- Ward, C. & Kennedy, A. (1993). Where‘s the culture‘ in cross-cultural transition? Comparative study of sojourner adjustment, Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, vol. 24, no. 2.
- _,_. (2015). Yükseköğretimin Uluslararasılaşması Çerçevesinde Türk Üniversitelerinin Uluslararası Öğrenciler İçin Çekim Merkezi Haline Getirilmesi, Araştırma Projesi Raporu, T.C.Kalkınma Bakanlığı, Kalkınma Araştırmaları Merkezi. http://www.kalkinma.gov.tr/Lists/Yaynlar/Attachments/647/Uluslararasi_Ogrenci_Raporu_2015.pdf.pdf.
Toplam 19 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
|---|---|
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 22 Nisan 2016 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 21 Nisan 2016 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2016Cilt: 2 Sayı: 4 |
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