Research Article
Year 2017,
, 526 - 536, 31.08.2017
Abstract
References
- Andrade, M.S. (2006). International students in English-speaking universities: Adjustment factors. Journal of Research in International Education, 5(2), 131-154. Atkinson, D. (2011). A sociocognitive approach to second language acquisition: How mind, body, and world work together in learning additional languages. In: Atkinson, D. (ed.). Alternative approaches to second language acquisition. New York: Routledge, 143–166. Bell, M. (2008). Exploring fieldwork for study abroad sojourners. In M. Hellsten & A. Reid (Eds.), Researching international pedagogies (pp. 129- 150), Dordrecht : Springer. Braun, V. & Clarke, V. (2006). Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology 3(2): 77-101. Bronfenbrenner, U. (1994). Ecological models of human development. International Encyclopedia of Education, Vol. 3, 2nd. Ed. Oxford: Elsevier. Bronfenbrenner, U. (1986). Ecology of the family as a context for human development: Research perspectives. Dev. Psychol. 22(6): 723-742 Bronfenbrenner, U. (1977). Toward an Experimental Ecology of Human Development. American Psychologist. July, 513 - 531 Caroll, J. (2005). 'Lightening the load': teaching in Enlgish, learning in English. In J. Caroll & J. Ryan (Eds.), Teaching International Students: Improving Learning for all (pp. 35-42). NY: Routledge. Chi, Melissa. (2011, 13 September ). Government aims to attract 200,000 international students by 2020, Malaysian Insider. Harkonen, U. (2007). The Bronfenbrenner ecological systems theory of human development. Scientific articles of V International Conference PERSON.COLOR.NATURE. MUSIC. October 17-21, 2007. Daugavpils University, Saule. Latvia. Kulick, D. & Schieffelin, B.B. (2005). A companion to linguistic anthropology. Ed - Alessandro Duranti. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Kolb, Alice Y, & Kolb, David A. (2005). Learning styles and learning spaces: Enhancing experiential learning in higher education. Academy of Management Learning and Education, 4(2), 193-212. Kolb, D.A. (1984). Experiential Learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. Long, M. H. (2011). The Least a Second Language Acquisition Theory Needs to Explain. In. Ortega, L. (Ed..). Second Language Acquisition: Critical Concepts in Linguistics, pp. 210-225. New York: Routledge. Marlyna Maros & Noor Saazai Mat Saad. (2016). The out-of-class language learning strategies of international students in Malaysia. International Journal of Asian Social Science. 6(8), pp. 478-486. Merriam, S.B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. MoHE (Ministry of Higher Education). (2010). Data Makro Pengajian Tinggi. Retrieved from www.mohe.gov.my/web_statistik/. Noor Saazai Mat Saad, Melor Md Yunus, & Mohamed Amin Embi. (2012). Research on international students in traditional host countries and Malaysia: Some potential areas in Malaysia. Paper presented at the 6th International Conference on University Teaching and Learning (InCULT) 2012, Concorde Hotel, Shah Alam, 20- 21 November 2012. Noor Saazai Mat Saad. (2014). English Language Learning Experiences of International Students in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Ph.D Thesis. Faculty of Education, UKM: Bangi Noor Saazai Mat Saad, Melor Md Yunus & Mohamed Amin Embi. (2015). English, English Everywhere: The Out-of-class Language Learning Strategies. Bangi: UKM Press. Penn, H. (2005). Understanding early childhood education. Issues and controversies. Glasgow: Bell & Bain Ltd. Stake, R.E. (1995). The art of case study research. California: Sage Publications. Tonttila, T. (2006). The parenthood experience of a mother with a disabled child and the meaning of the social environment and parent - professional partnerships. University of Helskinki. Faculty of Behavioural sciences. Department of Applied Sciences of Education. Research report 272. Verbik, L., & Lasanowski, V. (2007). International Students Mobility: Patterns and Trends The Observatory on borderless higher education. London.
EXPANDING THE MICROSYSTEM IN THE ECOLOGY OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT THEORY BASED ON THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING EXPERIENCES OF INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS IN MALAYSIA
Abstract
Bronfenbrenner’s (1977; 1986; 1994) Ecology of
Human Development Theory has placed a few groups of people in the microsystem
level (the innermost circle) to have influence on the development of a person. This
paper puts forth a proposition of altering the groups of people in conjunction
with globalization. This is so due to the movement of people to other countries
in the pursuance of knowledge. Through a qualitative paradigm, the data from a
study on the international students’ English language learning experiences show
that for these students, the groups of people who have been helpful in their
quest to learn the English language are their friends, teachers/lecturers,
other international students and even anyone who is able to converse in the
English language. The interviews and online postings of 9 international
students studying in Malaysia reveal that the family members, who have been
rated as playing the biggest role in the development of a person in
Bronfenbrenner’s theory, are considered as ‘unhelpful’ in the students’ journey
to learn the English language. Thus, globalisation is a phenomenon that can
bring in various elements that might cause alteration – expansion to even a
long withstanding theory. This brings only richness to the education world.
Keywords
Ecology of Human Development Theory English language learning experiences International Students Malaysia
References
- Andrade, M.S. (2006). International students in English-speaking universities: Adjustment factors. Journal of Research in International Education, 5(2), 131-154. Atkinson, D. (2011). A sociocognitive approach to second language acquisition: How mind, body, and world work together in learning additional languages. In: Atkinson, D. (ed.). Alternative approaches to second language acquisition. New York: Routledge, 143–166. Bell, M. (2008). Exploring fieldwork for study abroad sojourners. In M. Hellsten & A. Reid (Eds.), Researching international pedagogies (pp. 129- 150), Dordrecht : Springer. Braun, V. & Clarke, V. (2006). Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology 3(2): 77-101. Bronfenbrenner, U. (1994). Ecological models of human development. International Encyclopedia of Education, Vol. 3, 2nd. Ed. Oxford: Elsevier. Bronfenbrenner, U. (1986). Ecology of the family as a context for human development: Research perspectives. Dev. Psychol. 22(6): 723-742 Bronfenbrenner, U. (1977). Toward an Experimental Ecology of Human Development. American Psychologist. July, 513 - 531 Caroll, J. (2005). 'Lightening the load': teaching in Enlgish, learning in English. In J. Caroll & J. Ryan (Eds.), Teaching International Students: Improving Learning for all (pp. 35-42). NY: Routledge. Chi, Melissa. (2011, 13 September ). Government aims to attract 200,000 international students by 2020, Malaysian Insider. Harkonen, U. (2007). The Bronfenbrenner ecological systems theory of human development. Scientific articles of V International Conference PERSON.COLOR.NATURE. MUSIC. October 17-21, 2007. Daugavpils University, Saule. Latvia. Kulick, D. & Schieffelin, B.B. (2005). A companion to linguistic anthropology. Ed - Alessandro Duranti. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Kolb, Alice Y, & Kolb, David A. (2005). Learning styles and learning spaces: Enhancing experiential learning in higher education. Academy of Management Learning and Education, 4(2), 193-212. Kolb, D.A. (1984). Experiential Learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. Long, M. H. (2011). The Least a Second Language Acquisition Theory Needs to Explain. In. Ortega, L. (Ed..). Second Language Acquisition: Critical Concepts in Linguistics, pp. 210-225. New York: Routledge. Marlyna Maros & Noor Saazai Mat Saad. (2016). The out-of-class language learning strategies of international students in Malaysia. International Journal of Asian Social Science. 6(8), pp. 478-486. Merriam, S.B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. MoHE (Ministry of Higher Education). (2010). Data Makro Pengajian Tinggi. Retrieved from www.mohe.gov.my/web_statistik/. Noor Saazai Mat Saad, Melor Md Yunus, & Mohamed Amin Embi. (2012). Research on international students in traditional host countries and Malaysia: Some potential areas in Malaysia. Paper presented at the 6th International Conference on University Teaching and Learning (InCULT) 2012, Concorde Hotel, Shah Alam, 20- 21 November 2012. Noor Saazai Mat Saad. (2014). English Language Learning Experiences of International Students in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Ph.D Thesis. Faculty of Education, UKM: Bangi Noor Saazai Mat Saad, Melor Md Yunus & Mohamed Amin Embi. (2015). English, English Everywhere: The Out-of-class Language Learning Strategies. Bangi: UKM Press. Penn, H. (2005). Understanding early childhood education. Issues and controversies. Glasgow: Bell & Bain Ltd. Stake, R.E. (1995). The art of case study research. California: Sage Publications. Tonttila, T. (2006). The parenthood experience of a mother with a disabled child and the meaning of the social environment and parent - professional partnerships. University of Helskinki. Faculty of Behavioural sciences. Department of Applied Sciences of Education. Research report 272. Verbik, L., & Lasanowski, V. (2007). International Students Mobility: Patterns and Trends The Observatory on borderless higher education. London.
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Details
| Journal Section | Articles |
|---|---|
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | August 31, 2017 |
| Submission Date | September 6, 2017 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2017 |
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