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ÜÇ YÖNLÜ OLUMSALLIK TABLOSU İÇİN LOG-LINEER MODELLER İLE DÜNYADAKİ KÜRESEL HALK SAĞLIĞINDAKİ HIV VAKALARINA DSÖ BÖLGELERİ, CİNSİYET VE YAŞIN ETKİLERİ

Year 2023, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 333 - 344, 21.09.2023

Neriman Akdam Neslihan İyit

Abstract

Amaç: İnsan İmmün Yetmezlik Virüsü (HIV) insidansı, bir zaman dilimindeki yeni HIV vakalarının sayısının HIV enfeksiyonu riski taşıyan vaka sayısına bölünmesiyle tanımlanır. Olumsallık tabloları, iki veya daha fazla kategorik değişkenin kombinasyonları için frekansları sağlar. Bu çalışmada, küresel halk sağlığında DSÖ bölgelerinin, cinsiyetin ve yaşın tüm dünyadaki HIV insidansı üzerindeki etkilerinin üçlü olumsallık tablosu için log-lineer modeller ile araştırılması amaçlanmaktadır.
Yöntem: Kategorik değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri incelemek için log-lineer modeller kullanılır. Bu çalışmada, 2019 yılı için Küresel Sağlık Veri Alışverişi web sitesinde yer alan Küresel Hastalık Yükü çalışma verilerinden alınan Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO) bölgeleri, cinsiyet ve yaş gruplarına göre tüm dünyadaki HIV insidans verileri üç yönlü olumsallık tablosu şeklinde sunulmuş ve bu veriler üzerinde log-lineer model elde edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Çalışmada yaş, cinsiyet ve DSÖ bölgelerinin ana etkileri ile ayrıca yaş*cinsiyet, yaş*DSÖ bölgesi ve cinsiyet*DSÖ bölgeleri arasındaki çift yönlü etkileşim etkileri; yaş*cinsiyet*DSÖ bölgeleri arasındaki üç yönlü etkileşim etkisi istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, yaş, cinsiyet ve DSÖ bölgeleri değişkenlerinin ana etkileri ile bu değişkenlerin tüm etkileşim etkilerinin HIV insidansının belirlenmesinde etkili olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Keywords

İnsan İmmün Yetmezlik Virüsü (HIV) Log-lineer Model Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Olumsallık Tablosu

References

  • Altaş D. (2003). Lisanüstü eğitime giriş sınavı (LES) sonuçlarının üç yönlü çapraz sınıflandırma tablosu ile incelenmesi Marmara Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F, Ekonometri Bölümü, XXI (1): 401-421.
  • Altun, G. (2019). A Study On Covid-19 Data With Log-Linear Model Approach. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology, 7(1), 52-58.
  • Altunay, A. S., Yılmaz, E. A., Bahçecitapar, M., Karabenli, B. L. (2021). SPSS ve R Uygulamalı Kategorik Veri Çözümlemesi, Seçkin Yayıncılık , Ankara.
  • Akinrefon, A. A., Emmanuel, R., & Okolo, A. (2023). Log-linear models for HIV/AIDS prevalence in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Fudma Journal of Sciences, 7(3), 103-109.
  • Andersen, E. (1990). The Statistical Analysis of Categorical Data. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. Bishop, Y. M., Fienberg, S. E., & Holland, P. W. (2007). Discrete Multivariate Analysis: Theory and practice. New York, USA: Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Boutayeb, A. (2009). The impact of HIV/AIDS on human development in African countries. BMC Public Health, 9(1), 1-10.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2001). HIV and AIDS-United States, 1981-2000. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 50(21), 430-434.
  • Colasanti, J., Kelly, J., Pennisi, E., Hu, Y. J., Root, C., Hughes, D., ... & Armstrong, W. S. (2016). Continuous retention and viral suppression provide further insights into the HIV care continuum compared to the cross-sectional HIV care cascade. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 62(5), 648-654.
  • Çağılcı, T., & Danacıoğlu, N. (2020). Log-Lineer Modeller ve Kadına Yönelik Şiddet Üzerine Bir Uygulama. Sinop Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(1), 1-12.
  • Du, M., Yuan, J., Jing, W., Liu, M., & Liu, J. (2022). The Effect of International Travel Arrivals on the New HIV Infections in 15–49 Years Aged Group Among 109 Countries or Territories From 2000 to 2018. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 833551.
  • Gao, D., Zou, Z., Zhang, W., Chen, T., Cui, W., & Ma, Y. (2020). Age-period-cohort analysis of HIV mortality in China: data from the global burden of disease study 2016. Scientific reports, 10(1), 7065.
  • Hajizadeh, M., Sia, D., Heymann, S. J., & Nandi, A. (2014). Socioeconomic inequalities in HIV/AIDS prevalence in sub-Saharan African countries: evidence from the Demographic Health Surveys. International journal for equity in health, 13(1), 1-22.
  • Hasankhani, M. B., Zayeri, F., Rasouli, M., & Salehi, M. (2021). Trend Analysis of HIV/AIDS Burden in Iran: Results from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study. Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 35. HIV Incidence Data.Global Health Data Exchange [Internet]. [cited 2023 May 10] Available from https://ghdx.healthdata.org/.
  • Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS., & World Health Organization (WHO). (2008). 2008 report on the global AIDS epidemic. World Health Organization.
  • Lawal, B., & Lawal, H. B. (2003). Categorical data analysis with SAS and SPSS applications. Psychology Press. Lewden, C., Jougla, E., Alioum, A., Pavillon, G., Lièvre, L., Morlat, P., & Costagliola, D. (2006). Number of deaths among HIV-infected adults in France in 2000, three-source capture–recapture estimation. Epidemiology & Infection, 134(6), 1345-1352.
  • Martial, N. T., Mubarik, S., & Yu, C. (2021). The trend of HIV/AIDS incidence and risks associated with age, period, and birth cohort in four central African countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 2564.
  • Milewska, A.J., Citko, D., Jankowska, D., Milewski, R. (2018). Konończuk, K., Więsak, T., Morgan, A., Milewski, R., The Use of Log-linear Analysis for Pregnancy Prediction, Studıes In Logıc, Grammar And Rhetorıc 56 (69).
  • Odetunmibi, O. A., Adejumo, A. O., & Anake, T. A. (2019). Log-linear modelling of effect of age and gender on the spread of hepatitis b virus infection in Lagos state, Nigeria. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 7(13), 2204.
  • Powles, T., Stebbing, J., Bazeos, A., Hatzimichael, E., Mandalia, S., Nelson, M., ... & Bower, M. (2009). The role of immune suppression and HHV-8 in the increasing incidence of HIV-associated multicentric Castleman’s disease. Annals of oncology, 20(4), 775-779.
  • Ren, N., Li, Y., Wan, Z., Wang, R., Zhang, W., Dzakah, E. E., ... & Fan, S. (2022). Patterns of HIV or AIDS mortality among older people from 1990 to 2019 in China: age-period-cohort analysis. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 8(11), e35785.
  • Segarra, L., Simmens, S. J., Castel, A. D., Kharfen, M., Masur, H., & Greenberg, A. E. (2021). Highly variable trends in rates of newly diagnosed HIV cases in US hotspots, 2008-2017. Plos one, 16(4), e0250179.
  • Sia, D., Tchouaket, É. N., Hajizadeh, M., Karemere, H., Onadja, Y., & Nandi, A. (2020). The effect of gender inequality on HIV incidence in Sub-Saharan Africa. Public health, 182, 56-63.
  • Shaw, L., Wang, L., Cui, Z., Rich, A. J., Armstrong, H. L., Lachowsky, N. J., ... & Roth, E. A. (2019). Longitudinal event-level analysis of gay and bisexual men’s anal sex versatility: Behavior, roles, and substance use. The Journal of Sex Research, 56(9), 1136-1146.
  • Shoko, C., & Chikobvu, D. (2019). A superiority of viral load over CD4 cell count when predicting mortality in HIV patients on therapy. BMC infectious diseases, 19, 1-10.
  • Tombini, L. H., & Kupek, E. (2019). Size of the adult HIV-infected population adjusted for the unreported AIDS mortality in the Santa Catarina State, Brazil, 2008-2017. Current HIV Research, 17(4), 277-289.
  • World Health Organization. (2005). Interim WHO clinical staging of HVI/AIDS and HIV/AIDS case definitions for surveillance: African Region (No. WHO/HIV/2005.02). World Health Organization.
  • World Health Organization (WHO). (2023). HIV and AIDS. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids
  • Zang, E., Zheng, H., Yang, Y. C., & Land, K. C. (2019). Recent trends in US mortality in early and middle adulthood: racial/ethnic disparities in inter-cohort patterns. International journal of epidemiology, 48(3), 934-944.

THE IMPACTS OF WHO REGIONS, GENDER, AND AGE ON THE HIV INCIDENCE IN THE WORLD IN GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH BY LOG-LINEAR MODELS FOR THREE-WAY CONTINGENCY TABLE

Year 2023, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 333 - 344, 21.09.2023

Neriman Akdam Neslihan İyit

Abstract

Purpose: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) incidence is defined as the number of new HIV cases at a time period calculated divided by the number of cases at risk of HIV infection. Contingency tables display frequencies for combinations of two or more categorical variables. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the impacts of WHO regions, gender, and age on HIV incidence all over the world in global public health by log-linear models for a three-way contingency table.
Method: Log-linear models are constituted for investigating relationships between categorical variables. In this study, log-linear model for three-way contingency table is fitted to the HIV incidence data all over the world according to the World Health Organization (WHO) regions, gender, and age groups taken as the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study data from Global Health Data Exchange website.
Results: The main effects of age, gender and WHO regions, and also two-way interaction effects between age* gender, age* WHO region and gender* WHO regions; three-way interaction effect between age*gender*WHO regions are found statistically significant at significant level.
Conclusion: As a conclusion of this study, age, gender, and WHO regions are determined as the main effects with all interaction effects of these variables on the HIV incidence.

Keywords

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Log-linear Model World Health Organization Contingency Table

References

  • Altaş D. (2003). Lisanüstü eğitime giriş sınavı (LES) sonuçlarının üç yönlü çapraz sınıflandırma tablosu ile incelenmesi Marmara Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F, Ekonometri Bölümü, XXI (1): 401-421.
  • Altun, G. (2019). A Study On Covid-19 Data With Log-Linear Model Approach. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology, 7(1), 52-58.
  • Altunay, A. S., Yılmaz, E. A., Bahçecitapar, M., Karabenli, B. L. (2021). SPSS ve R Uygulamalı Kategorik Veri Çözümlemesi, Seçkin Yayıncılık , Ankara.
  • Akinrefon, A. A., Emmanuel, R., & Okolo, A. (2023). Log-linear models for HIV/AIDS prevalence in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Fudma Journal of Sciences, 7(3), 103-109.
  • Andersen, E. (1990). The Statistical Analysis of Categorical Data. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. Bishop, Y. M., Fienberg, S. E., & Holland, P. W. (2007). Discrete Multivariate Analysis: Theory and practice. New York, USA: Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Boutayeb, A. (2009). The impact of HIV/AIDS on human development in African countries. BMC Public Health, 9(1), 1-10.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2001). HIV and AIDS-United States, 1981-2000. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 50(21), 430-434.
  • Colasanti, J., Kelly, J., Pennisi, E., Hu, Y. J., Root, C., Hughes, D., ... & Armstrong, W. S. (2016). Continuous retention and viral suppression provide further insights into the HIV care continuum compared to the cross-sectional HIV care cascade. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 62(5), 648-654.
  • Çağılcı, T., & Danacıoğlu, N. (2020). Log-Lineer Modeller ve Kadına Yönelik Şiddet Üzerine Bir Uygulama. Sinop Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(1), 1-12.
  • Du, M., Yuan, J., Jing, W., Liu, M., & Liu, J. (2022). The Effect of International Travel Arrivals on the New HIV Infections in 15–49 Years Aged Group Among 109 Countries or Territories From 2000 to 2018. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 833551.
  • Gao, D., Zou, Z., Zhang, W., Chen, T., Cui, W., & Ma, Y. (2020). Age-period-cohort analysis of HIV mortality in China: data from the global burden of disease study 2016. Scientific reports, 10(1), 7065.
  • Hajizadeh, M., Sia, D., Heymann, S. J., & Nandi, A. (2014). Socioeconomic inequalities in HIV/AIDS prevalence in sub-Saharan African countries: evidence from the Demographic Health Surveys. International journal for equity in health, 13(1), 1-22.
  • Hasankhani, M. B., Zayeri, F., Rasouli, M., & Salehi, M. (2021). Trend Analysis of HIV/AIDS Burden in Iran: Results from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study. Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 35. HIV Incidence Data.Global Health Data Exchange [Internet]. [cited 2023 May 10] Available from https://ghdx.healthdata.org/.
  • Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS., & World Health Organization (WHO). (2008). 2008 report on the global AIDS epidemic. World Health Organization.
  • Lawal, B., & Lawal, H. B. (2003). Categorical data analysis with SAS and SPSS applications. Psychology Press. Lewden, C., Jougla, E., Alioum, A., Pavillon, G., Lièvre, L., Morlat, P., & Costagliola, D. (2006). Number of deaths among HIV-infected adults in France in 2000, three-source capture–recapture estimation. Epidemiology & Infection, 134(6), 1345-1352.
  • Martial, N. T., Mubarik, S., & Yu, C. (2021). The trend of HIV/AIDS incidence and risks associated with age, period, and birth cohort in four central African countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 2564.
  • Milewska, A.J., Citko, D., Jankowska, D., Milewski, R. (2018). Konończuk, K., Więsak, T., Morgan, A., Milewski, R., The Use of Log-linear Analysis for Pregnancy Prediction, Studıes In Logıc, Grammar And Rhetorıc 56 (69).
  • Odetunmibi, O. A., Adejumo, A. O., & Anake, T. A. (2019). Log-linear modelling of effect of age and gender on the spread of hepatitis b virus infection in Lagos state, Nigeria. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 7(13), 2204.
  • Powles, T., Stebbing, J., Bazeos, A., Hatzimichael, E., Mandalia, S., Nelson, M., ... & Bower, M. (2009). The role of immune suppression and HHV-8 in the increasing incidence of HIV-associated multicentric Castleman’s disease. Annals of oncology, 20(4), 775-779.
  • Ren, N., Li, Y., Wan, Z., Wang, R., Zhang, W., Dzakah, E. E., ... & Fan, S. (2022). Patterns of HIV or AIDS mortality among older people from 1990 to 2019 in China: age-period-cohort analysis. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 8(11), e35785.
  • Segarra, L., Simmens, S. J., Castel, A. D., Kharfen, M., Masur, H., & Greenberg, A. E. (2021). Highly variable trends in rates of newly diagnosed HIV cases in US hotspots, 2008-2017. Plos one, 16(4), e0250179.
  • Sia, D., Tchouaket, É. N., Hajizadeh, M., Karemere, H., Onadja, Y., & Nandi, A. (2020). The effect of gender inequality on HIV incidence in Sub-Saharan Africa. Public health, 182, 56-63.
  • Shaw, L., Wang, L., Cui, Z., Rich, A. J., Armstrong, H. L., Lachowsky, N. J., ... & Roth, E. A. (2019). Longitudinal event-level analysis of gay and bisexual men’s anal sex versatility: Behavior, roles, and substance use. The Journal of Sex Research, 56(9), 1136-1146.
  • Shoko, C., & Chikobvu, D. (2019). A superiority of viral load over CD4 cell count when predicting mortality in HIV patients on therapy. BMC infectious diseases, 19, 1-10.
  • Tombini, L. H., & Kupek, E. (2019). Size of the adult HIV-infected population adjusted for the unreported AIDS mortality in the Santa Catarina State, Brazil, 2008-2017. Current HIV Research, 17(4), 277-289.
  • World Health Organization. (2005). Interim WHO clinical staging of HVI/AIDS and HIV/AIDS case definitions for surveillance: African Region (No. WHO/HIV/2005.02). World Health Organization.
  • World Health Organization (WHO). (2023). HIV and AIDS. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids
  • Zang, E., Zheng, H., Yang, Y. C., & Land, K. C. (2019). Recent trends in US mortality in early and middle adulthood: racial/ethnic disparities in inter-cohort patterns. International journal of epidemiology, 48(3), 934-944.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Public Health (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Neriman Akdam 0000-0002-0204-6657

Neslihan İyit 0000-0002-5727-6441

Publication Date September 21, 2023
Submission Date July 31, 2023
Acceptance Date September 18, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Akdam, N., & İyit, N. (2023). THE IMPACTS OF WHO REGIONS, GENDER, AND AGE ON THE HIV INCIDENCE IN THE WORLD IN GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH BY LOG-LINEAR MODELS FOR THREE-WAY CONTINGENCY TABLE. Selçuk Sağlık Dergisi, 4(2), 333-344.
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