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Determination of Affecting Factors on Profitability of Banking Sector: An Examination upon the Turkish Banking Sector for the Period of 2006-2018

Year 2021, Volume: 24 Issue: 1, 1 - 14, 30.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.29249/selcuksbmyd.621539

Abstract

Although net profit of Turkish Banking Sector (TBS) has reached TL 54.1 billion in 2018, the profitability of TBS has been decreasing. Return on assets of TBS has decreased from 2.3% in 2006 to 1.4% in 2018. Similarly, return of equity of TBS has decreased from 18.8% in 2006 to 10.50% in 2018. This figures verify the decreasing trend in profitability. This trend presents risks for limiting of providing credits of banks. Therefore, the level of profitability of TBS has importance. Affecting factors on profitability should be detected first in order to keep profitability stable. In this context, Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) method, 11 explanatory variables, and quarterly data are used between 2006 and 2018. It is determined that net profits, credits, capital, nonperforming loans (NPL)/total credits, total assets, and USD/TL foreign exchange rate (FER) affect the profitability of banking sector in Turkey. Necessary measures should be taken by regulatory authorities to keep net profit stable and increase the profitability of the sector from the current level. Hence, banks could have the opportunity to provide much more credits for financing and supporting economic growth.

References

  • Abbasoğlu, O.F., Aysan, A.F. & Güneş, A. (2007). Concentration, Competition, Efficiency and Profitability of the Turkish Banking Sector in the Post-Crisis Period. Banks and Bank Systems, 2(3), 106-115.
  • Abreu, M., & Mendes, V. (2001). Commercial Bank Interest Margins and Profitability: eVidence for Some EU Countries. In Pan-European Conference, Thessaloniki, Greece, 17-20.
  • Afşar, A., & Karaçayır, E. (2018). Determinations of Capital Adequacy Ratio in Turkish Banking Sector. Anadolu University Journal of Social Sciences, 18(2), 149-160.
  • Aktaş, R., Açıkalın, S., Bakın, B., & Çelik, G. (2015). The Determinants of Banks' Capital Adequacy Ratio: Some Evidence from South Eastern European Countries. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, 7(1), 79-88.
  • Alp, A., Ban, Ü., Demirgüneş, K., & Kılıç, S. (2010). Internal Determinants of Profitability in Turkish Banking Sector. İMKB Journal, 12, 1-15.
  • Alper, D. & Anbar, A. (2011). Bank Specific and Macroeconomic Determinants of Commercial Bank Profitability: Empirical Evidence from Turkey. Business and Economics Research Journal, 2(2), 139-152.
  • Al-Tamimi, H., & Hussein, A. (2010). Factors Influencing Performance of the UAE Islamic and Conventional National Banks. Global Journal of Business Research, 4(2), 1-9.
  • Aydın, Y. (2019). The Relationship between Bank Capital and Profitability: Evidence from Turkish Banking Sector. Journal of International Social Research, 12(62), 1174-1181.
  • Bashir, A. H. M. (2001). Assessing the Performance of Islamic banks: Some Evidence from the Middle East. Topics in Middle Eastern and North African, 1-11.
  • Belke, M., & Ünal, E. A. (2017). Determinants of Bank Profitability: Evidence from Listed and Non-Listed Banks in Turkey. Journal of Economics Finance and Accounting, 4(4), 404-416.
  • Berger, A. N., Hasan, I., & Zhou, M. (2010). The Effects of Focus versus Diversification on Bank Performance: Evidence from Chinese Banks. Journal of Banking & Finance, 34(7), 1417-1435.
  • Bikker, J.A. & Hu, H. (2002). Cyclical Patterns in Profits, Provisioning and Lending of Banks and Procyclicality of the New Basel Capital Requirements. BNL Quarterly Review, No. 221, 143-175.
  • Bourke, P. (1989). Concentration and Other Determinants of Bank Profitability in Europe, North America and Australia. Journal of Banking and Finance, 13, 65-79.
  • BRSA. (2019). Monthly Bulletin, https://www.bddk.org.tr/BultenAylik/En, 03.08.2019.
  • Büyükşalvarcı, A. & Abdioğlu, H. (2011). Determinants of Capital Adequacy Ratio in Turkish Banks: A Panel Data Analysis. African Journal of Business Management, 5(27), 11199-11209.
  • CBRT. (2019). EVDS, https://evds2.tcmb.gov.tr, 03.08.2019.
  • Çetin, A. C., & Bıtırak, İ. A. (2010). Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach in Bank Performance Evaluation: An Application in the Commercial Banks and Participation Banks. Journal of Alanya Faculty of Business, 2(2), 75-92.
  • Demirgüç-Kunt, A., & Huizinga, H. (1999). Determinants of Commercial Bank Interest Margins and Profitability: Some International Evidence. The World Bank Economic Review, 13(2), 379-408.
  • Dizgil, E. (2017). An Empirical Research on Micro Level Factors that Affect the Profitability of Deposit Banks in Turkey. Journal of BRSA Banking and Financial Markets, 11(2), 31-52.
  • Doğan, M. (2013). Participation and Traditional Banks Comparison of Financial Performance: The Case of Turkey. Journal of Accounting & Finance, 58, 175-188.
  • Ecer, F. (2013). Comparison of Financial Performance of Private Banks in Turkey: 2008-2011 Period. Abant İzzet Baysal University Journal of Social Sciences, 13(2), 171-189.
  • Friedman, J. (1991). Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines. The Annals of Statistics, 19, 1-141.
  • Goddard, J., Molyneux, P., & Wilson, J. O. (2004). The Profitability of European Banks: A cross‐Sectional and Dynamic Panel Analysis. The Manchester School, 72(3), 363-381.
  • Goh, A. T. C., Zhang, Y., Zhang, R., Zhang, W. & Xiao, Y. (2017). Evaluating Stability of Underground Entry-Type Excavations Using Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines and Logistic Regression. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 70, 148-154.
  • Gülhan, Ü., & Uzunlar, E. (2011). Factors Influencing the Bank Profitability: An Apllication on Turkish Banking Sector. Atatürk University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 15(1), 341-368.
  • Güneysu, Y., Er, B., & Ar, İ. M. (2015). AHS and GIA Methods of Performance Evaluation of Commercial Banks in Turkey with. Karadeniz Teknik University Social Sciences Institute Journal of Social Sciences, (9), 71-93.
  • Gyamerah, I. A., & Amoah, B. A. B. (2015). Determinants of Bank Profitability in Ghana. International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting, 5(1), 173-187.
  • Havrylchyk, O., & Jurzyk, E. M. (2006). Profitability of Foreign Banks in Central and Eastern Europe: Does the Entry Mode Matter? BOFIT Discussion Paper, 5, 1-42.
  • Hoffmann, P. Saona (2011). Determinants of the Profitability of the US Banking Industry. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(22), 255-269.
  • Işık, Ö. (2017). Internal Determinants of Profitability of State, Private And Foreign Owned Commercial Banks Operating in Turkey. Journal of Economics, Finance and Accounting, 4(3), 342-353.
  • Jansen, D. & Haan, J. (2003). Increasing Concentration in European banking: A Macro-Level Analysis. De Nederlandsche Bank Research Departmant, Research Memorandum Wo No.743.
  • Jha, S., & Hui, X. (2012). A Comparison of Financial Performance of Commercial Banks: A Case Study of Nepal. African Journal of Business Management, 6(25), 7601-7611.
  • Jiang, G., Tang, N., Law, E., & Sze, A. (2003). The Profitability of Banking Sector in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Monetary Authority Quarterly Bulletin, 3(36), 5-14.
  • Kar, M., Taş, S., & Ağır, H. (2008). Financial System and Development in Development Economics, Editors: Sami Taban, Muhsin Kar, 2th Edition, Ekin Publications, Bursa, Turkey.
  • Kartal, M. T., & Çelikdemir, N. Ç. (2019). Coordination of Internal Control and Internal Audit Activities in Banks: An Examination upon Branch Audit Activities. TIDE Academia Research, 1(1), 33-53.
  • Kartal, M. T., İbiş, C., & Çatıkkaş, Ö. (2018). Adequacy of Audit Committees: A Study of Deposit Banks in Turkey. Borsa İstanbul Review, 18(2), 150-165.
  • Koç, Y. D., & Karahan, F. (2017). Financial Stability Indicators of Turkish Banking Sector. International Journal of Academic Value Studies, 3(15), 148-153.
  • Kosmidou, K., & Zopounidis, C. (2008). Measurement of Bank Performance in Greece. South-Eastern Europe Journal of Economics, 1(1), 79-95.
  • Liu, T. (2018). Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines in Standard Cell Characterization for Nanometer Technology in Semiconductor. Chapter 3 in Topics in Splines and Applications, Edited by Young Kinh-Nhue Truong, 47-62.
  • Miller, S.M., & Noulas, A.G. (1997). Portfolio Mix and Large-Bank Profitability in the USA. Applied Economics, 29, 505-512.
  • Molyneux, P., & Thornton, J. (1992). Determinants of European bank profitability: A Note. Journal of Banking & Finance, 16(6), 1173-1178.
  • Okuyan, H. A. (2013). Capital Structure in Turkish Banking Sector. Ege Academic Review, 13(3), 295-302.
  • Özcan, A., & Çiftçi, C. (2015). Concentration and Profitability in Turkish Deposit Banking (Period in 2006–2013). Niğde Universitiy Journal of Econonic and Administrative Sciences, 8(3), 1-12.
  • Pasiouras, F., & Kosmidou, K. (2007). Factors Influencing the Profitability of Domestic and Foreign Commercial Banks in the European Union. Research in International Business and Finance, 21(2), 222-237.
  • Polat, A., & Al-khalaf, H. (2014). What Determines Capital Adequacy in the Banking System of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia? A Panel Data Analysis on Tadawul Banks. Journal of Applied Finance and Banking, 4(5), 27-43.
  • Pratomo, W. A., & Ismail, A. G. (2006). Islamic Bank Performance and Capital Structure. MPRA Paper, Paper No: 6012.
  • Samad, A. (2004). Performance of Interest-free Islamic Banks vis-à-vis Interest-Based Conventional Banks of Bahrain. International Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting, 12(2), 1-15.
  • Samad, A., & Hassan, M. K. (1999). The Performance of Malaysian Islamic Bank during 1984-1997: An Exploratory Study. International Journal of Islamic Financial Services, 1(3), 1-14.
  • Sephton, P. (2001). Forecasting Recessions: Can We Do Better on MARS? Review Federal Reserve Bank of Saint Louis, 83(2), 39-49.
  • Short, B.K. (1979). The Relation between Commercial Bank Profit Rates and Banking Concentration in Canada, Western Europe and Japan. Journal of Banking and Finance, 3, 209-219.
  • Smirlock, M. (1985). Evidence on the (Non) Relationship between Concentration and Profitability in Banking. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 17(1), 69-83.
  • Taşkın, F. D. (2011). The Factors Affecting the Performance of the Turkish Commercial Banks. Ege Akademik Review, 11(2), 289-298.
  • Tunay, K. B., & Silpar, A. M. (2006). Profitability Based Performance Analysis in Turkish Commercial Banking Sector-I. The Banks Association of Turkey, Research Paper Series.
  • Tuzcu, S. (2015). The Effect of Derivatives Activty on Bank Profitability before and During the Subprime Mortgage Crisis: Evidence from Turkey. Ankara University Journal of Social Sciences, 2015, 6(1), 29-56.
  • Türkdönmez, C. S., & Babuşcu, Ş. (2019). A Banking Survey to Determine the Most Effective Recovery Strategies to Prevent Customer Losses. Başkent University Journal of Commercial Sciences Faculty, 3(1), 37-54.
  • Uluyol, O., & Ekim, S. (2015). A Study of The Relationship between Banking Sector’s Profitability and Interest Rates on Deposits Using Johansen Cointegration and Granger Causality Test. Journal of Economics Finance and Accounting, 2(1), 58-74.
  • Us, V. (2015). Banking Sector Performance in Turkey Before and After the Global Crisis. The Journal of Economy, Business and Finance, 30(353), 45-74.
  • Williams, B. (2003). Domestic and International Determinants of Bank Profits: Foreign Banks in Australia. Journal of Banking & Finance, 27(6), 1185-1210.
  • Yüksel, S. (2016). Katılım Bankalarında Karlılığı Belirleyen Faktörlerin MARS Yöntemiyle İncelenmesi. IJISEF 2016, İstanbul/Turkey.
  • Zarrouk, H., Daoud, K. B. J., & Moualhi, M. (2016). Is Islamic Bank Profitability Driven by Same Forces as Conventional Banks? International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 9(1), 46-66.

Bankacılık Sektöründe Karlılığı Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi: Türk Bankacılık Sektörünün 2006-2018 Dönemi Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Year 2021, Volume: 24 Issue: 1, 1 - 14, 30.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.29249/selcuksbmyd.621539

Abstract

Although net
profit of Turkish Banking Sector (TBS) has reached TL 54.1 billion in 2018, the
profitability of TBS has been decreasing. Return on assets of TBS has decreased
from 2.3% in 2006 to 1.4% in 2018. Similarly, return of equity of TBS has
decreased from 18.8% in 2006 to 10.50% in 2018. This figures verify the decreasing
trend in profitability. This trend presents risks for limiting of providing
credits of banks. Therefore, the level of profitability of TBS has importance. Affecting
factors on profitability should be detected first in order to keep
profitability stable. In this context, Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines
(MARS) method, 11 explanatory variables, and yearly data are used between 2006
and 2018. It is determined that net profits, credits, capital, nonperforming
loans (NPL)/total credits, total assets, and USD/TL foreign exchange rate (FER)
affect the profitability of banking sector in Turkey. Necessary measures should
be taken by regulatory authorities to keep net profit stable and increase the
profitability of the sector from the current level. Hence, banks could have the
opportunity to provide much more credits for financing and supporting economic
growth.

References

  • Abbasoğlu, O.F., Aysan, A.F. & Güneş, A. (2007). Concentration, Competition, Efficiency and Profitability of the Turkish Banking Sector in the Post-Crisis Period. Banks and Bank Systems, 2(3), 106-115.
  • Abreu, M., & Mendes, V. (2001). Commercial Bank Interest Margins and Profitability: eVidence for Some EU Countries. In Pan-European Conference, Thessaloniki, Greece, 17-20.
  • Afşar, A., & Karaçayır, E. (2018). Determinations of Capital Adequacy Ratio in Turkish Banking Sector. Anadolu University Journal of Social Sciences, 18(2), 149-160.
  • Aktaş, R., Açıkalın, S., Bakın, B., & Çelik, G. (2015). The Determinants of Banks' Capital Adequacy Ratio: Some Evidence from South Eastern European Countries. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, 7(1), 79-88.
  • Alp, A., Ban, Ü., Demirgüneş, K., & Kılıç, S. (2010). Internal Determinants of Profitability in Turkish Banking Sector. İMKB Journal, 12, 1-15.
  • Alper, D. & Anbar, A. (2011). Bank Specific and Macroeconomic Determinants of Commercial Bank Profitability: Empirical Evidence from Turkey. Business and Economics Research Journal, 2(2), 139-152.
  • Al-Tamimi, H., & Hussein, A. (2010). Factors Influencing Performance of the UAE Islamic and Conventional National Banks. Global Journal of Business Research, 4(2), 1-9.
  • Aydın, Y. (2019). The Relationship between Bank Capital and Profitability: Evidence from Turkish Banking Sector. Journal of International Social Research, 12(62), 1174-1181.
  • Bashir, A. H. M. (2001). Assessing the Performance of Islamic banks: Some Evidence from the Middle East. Topics in Middle Eastern and North African, 1-11.
  • Belke, M., & Ünal, E. A. (2017). Determinants of Bank Profitability: Evidence from Listed and Non-Listed Banks in Turkey. Journal of Economics Finance and Accounting, 4(4), 404-416.
  • Berger, A. N., Hasan, I., & Zhou, M. (2010). The Effects of Focus versus Diversification on Bank Performance: Evidence from Chinese Banks. Journal of Banking & Finance, 34(7), 1417-1435.
  • Bikker, J.A. & Hu, H. (2002). Cyclical Patterns in Profits, Provisioning and Lending of Banks and Procyclicality of the New Basel Capital Requirements. BNL Quarterly Review, No. 221, 143-175.
  • Bourke, P. (1989). Concentration and Other Determinants of Bank Profitability in Europe, North America and Australia. Journal of Banking and Finance, 13, 65-79.
  • BRSA. (2019). Monthly Bulletin, https://www.bddk.org.tr/BultenAylik/En, 03.08.2019.
  • Büyükşalvarcı, A. & Abdioğlu, H. (2011). Determinants of Capital Adequacy Ratio in Turkish Banks: A Panel Data Analysis. African Journal of Business Management, 5(27), 11199-11209.
  • CBRT. (2019). EVDS, https://evds2.tcmb.gov.tr, 03.08.2019.
  • Çetin, A. C., & Bıtırak, İ. A. (2010). Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach in Bank Performance Evaluation: An Application in the Commercial Banks and Participation Banks. Journal of Alanya Faculty of Business, 2(2), 75-92.
  • Demirgüç-Kunt, A., & Huizinga, H. (1999). Determinants of Commercial Bank Interest Margins and Profitability: Some International Evidence. The World Bank Economic Review, 13(2), 379-408.
  • Dizgil, E. (2017). An Empirical Research on Micro Level Factors that Affect the Profitability of Deposit Banks in Turkey. Journal of BRSA Banking and Financial Markets, 11(2), 31-52.
  • Doğan, M. (2013). Participation and Traditional Banks Comparison of Financial Performance: The Case of Turkey. Journal of Accounting & Finance, 58, 175-188.
  • Ecer, F. (2013). Comparison of Financial Performance of Private Banks in Turkey: 2008-2011 Period. Abant İzzet Baysal University Journal of Social Sciences, 13(2), 171-189.
  • Friedman, J. (1991). Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines. The Annals of Statistics, 19, 1-141.
  • Goddard, J., Molyneux, P., & Wilson, J. O. (2004). The Profitability of European Banks: A cross‐Sectional and Dynamic Panel Analysis. The Manchester School, 72(3), 363-381.
  • Goh, A. T. C., Zhang, Y., Zhang, R., Zhang, W. & Xiao, Y. (2017). Evaluating Stability of Underground Entry-Type Excavations Using Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines and Logistic Regression. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 70, 148-154.
  • Gülhan, Ü., & Uzunlar, E. (2011). Factors Influencing the Bank Profitability: An Apllication on Turkish Banking Sector. Atatürk University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 15(1), 341-368.
  • Güneysu, Y., Er, B., & Ar, İ. M. (2015). AHS and GIA Methods of Performance Evaluation of Commercial Banks in Turkey with. Karadeniz Teknik University Social Sciences Institute Journal of Social Sciences, (9), 71-93.
  • Gyamerah, I. A., & Amoah, B. A. B. (2015). Determinants of Bank Profitability in Ghana. International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting, 5(1), 173-187.
  • Havrylchyk, O., & Jurzyk, E. M. (2006). Profitability of Foreign Banks in Central and Eastern Europe: Does the Entry Mode Matter? BOFIT Discussion Paper, 5, 1-42.
  • Hoffmann, P. Saona (2011). Determinants of the Profitability of the US Banking Industry. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(22), 255-269.
  • Işık, Ö. (2017). Internal Determinants of Profitability of State, Private And Foreign Owned Commercial Banks Operating in Turkey. Journal of Economics, Finance and Accounting, 4(3), 342-353.
  • Jansen, D. & Haan, J. (2003). Increasing Concentration in European banking: A Macro-Level Analysis. De Nederlandsche Bank Research Departmant, Research Memorandum Wo No.743.
  • Jha, S., & Hui, X. (2012). A Comparison of Financial Performance of Commercial Banks: A Case Study of Nepal. African Journal of Business Management, 6(25), 7601-7611.
  • Jiang, G., Tang, N., Law, E., & Sze, A. (2003). The Profitability of Banking Sector in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Monetary Authority Quarterly Bulletin, 3(36), 5-14.
  • Kar, M., Taş, S., & Ağır, H. (2008). Financial System and Development in Development Economics, Editors: Sami Taban, Muhsin Kar, 2th Edition, Ekin Publications, Bursa, Turkey.
  • Kartal, M. T., & Çelikdemir, N. Ç. (2019). Coordination of Internal Control and Internal Audit Activities in Banks: An Examination upon Branch Audit Activities. TIDE Academia Research, 1(1), 33-53.
  • Kartal, M. T., İbiş, C., & Çatıkkaş, Ö. (2018). Adequacy of Audit Committees: A Study of Deposit Banks in Turkey. Borsa İstanbul Review, 18(2), 150-165.
  • Koç, Y. D., & Karahan, F. (2017). Financial Stability Indicators of Turkish Banking Sector. International Journal of Academic Value Studies, 3(15), 148-153.
  • Kosmidou, K., & Zopounidis, C. (2008). Measurement of Bank Performance in Greece. South-Eastern Europe Journal of Economics, 1(1), 79-95.
  • Liu, T. (2018). Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines in Standard Cell Characterization for Nanometer Technology in Semiconductor. Chapter 3 in Topics in Splines and Applications, Edited by Young Kinh-Nhue Truong, 47-62.
  • Miller, S.M., & Noulas, A.G. (1997). Portfolio Mix and Large-Bank Profitability in the USA. Applied Economics, 29, 505-512.
  • Molyneux, P., & Thornton, J. (1992). Determinants of European bank profitability: A Note. Journal of Banking & Finance, 16(6), 1173-1178.
  • Okuyan, H. A. (2013). Capital Structure in Turkish Banking Sector. Ege Academic Review, 13(3), 295-302.
  • Özcan, A., & Çiftçi, C. (2015). Concentration and Profitability in Turkish Deposit Banking (Period in 2006–2013). Niğde Universitiy Journal of Econonic and Administrative Sciences, 8(3), 1-12.
  • Pasiouras, F., & Kosmidou, K. (2007). Factors Influencing the Profitability of Domestic and Foreign Commercial Banks in the European Union. Research in International Business and Finance, 21(2), 222-237.
  • Polat, A., & Al-khalaf, H. (2014). What Determines Capital Adequacy in the Banking System of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia? A Panel Data Analysis on Tadawul Banks. Journal of Applied Finance and Banking, 4(5), 27-43.
  • Pratomo, W. A., & Ismail, A. G. (2006). Islamic Bank Performance and Capital Structure. MPRA Paper, Paper No: 6012.
  • Samad, A. (2004). Performance of Interest-free Islamic Banks vis-à-vis Interest-Based Conventional Banks of Bahrain. International Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting, 12(2), 1-15.
  • Samad, A., & Hassan, M. K. (1999). The Performance of Malaysian Islamic Bank during 1984-1997: An Exploratory Study. International Journal of Islamic Financial Services, 1(3), 1-14.
  • Sephton, P. (2001). Forecasting Recessions: Can We Do Better on MARS? Review Federal Reserve Bank of Saint Louis, 83(2), 39-49.
  • Short, B.K. (1979). The Relation between Commercial Bank Profit Rates and Banking Concentration in Canada, Western Europe and Japan. Journal of Banking and Finance, 3, 209-219.
  • Smirlock, M. (1985). Evidence on the (Non) Relationship between Concentration and Profitability in Banking. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 17(1), 69-83.
  • Taşkın, F. D. (2011). The Factors Affecting the Performance of the Turkish Commercial Banks. Ege Akademik Review, 11(2), 289-298.
  • Tunay, K. B., & Silpar, A. M. (2006). Profitability Based Performance Analysis in Turkish Commercial Banking Sector-I. The Banks Association of Turkey, Research Paper Series.
  • Tuzcu, S. (2015). The Effect of Derivatives Activty on Bank Profitability before and During the Subprime Mortgage Crisis: Evidence from Turkey. Ankara University Journal of Social Sciences, 2015, 6(1), 29-56.
  • Türkdönmez, C. S., & Babuşcu, Ş. (2019). A Banking Survey to Determine the Most Effective Recovery Strategies to Prevent Customer Losses. Başkent University Journal of Commercial Sciences Faculty, 3(1), 37-54.
  • Uluyol, O., & Ekim, S. (2015). A Study of The Relationship between Banking Sector’s Profitability and Interest Rates on Deposits Using Johansen Cointegration and Granger Causality Test. Journal of Economics Finance and Accounting, 2(1), 58-74.
  • Us, V. (2015). Banking Sector Performance in Turkey Before and After the Global Crisis. The Journal of Economy, Business and Finance, 30(353), 45-74.
  • Williams, B. (2003). Domestic and International Determinants of Bank Profits: Foreign Banks in Australia. Journal of Banking & Finance, 27(6), 1185-1210.
  • Yüksel, S. (2016). Katılım Bankalarında Karlılığı Belirleyen Faktörlerin MARS Yöntemiyle İncelenmesi. IJISEF 2016, İstanbul/Turkey.
  • Zarrouk, H., Daoud, K. B. J., & Moualhi, M. (2016). Is Islamic Bank Profitability Driven by Same Forces as Conventional Banks? International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 9(1), 46-66.
There are 60 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Original Research Articles
Authors

Mustafa Tevfik Kartal 0000-0001-8038-8241

Publication Date April 30, 2021
Submission Date September 18, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 24 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kartal, M. T. (2021). Determination of Affecting Factors on Profitability of Banking Sector: An Examination upon the Turkish Banking Sector for the Period of 2006-2018. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 24(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.29249/selcuksbmyd.621539

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