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BRIC-T ÜLKELERİNDE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME, DIŞA AÇIKLIK, ELEKTRİK TÜKETİMİ VE ÇEVRE İLİŞKİSİNE YÖNELİK AMPİRİK BİR ÇALIŞMA

Year 2019, Volume: 37 Issue: 4, 675 - 701, 31.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.456607

Abstract

Tarım toplumundan sanayi
toplumuna geçiş ile birlikte üretim miktarları evrensel boyutta hız kazanan bir
büyüme temposu yakalamıştır. Sanayileşmenin yanı sıra kentleşme ve nüfus artışı
gibi faktörler de arz ve talep büyüklüklerinin değişiminde önemli rol
oynamıştır. Üretimi artırmak için daha fazla doğal kaynak ve enerji kullanımı
ise ekolojik dengeleri olumsuz yönde etkileyerek yaşam kalitesinin düşmesine
neden olmuştur. Ancak belirli bir gelir düzeyine ulaştıktan sonra ülkeler, başlangıçta
yarattıkları çevresel sorunları azaltmak için çözüm yolları arayışına girmektedirler.
Bu çalışmada; ekonomik büyüme, ticari açıklık, elektrik tüketimi ve karbon
dioksit salınımı (CO
2) arasındaki ilişki, 1992-2014 dönemine ait
verilerden hareketle BRIC-T ülkeleri için panel veri analizi kullanarak test
edilmektedir. Bootstrap nedensellik bulgularına göre; Rusya’da gelir ve
karbondioksit salınımları arasında çift yönlü, Hindistan’da elektrik
tüketiminden ve Brezilya’da ise dışa açıklıktan karbondioksit salınımlarına doğru
olmak üzere tek yönlü bağıntılar bulunmaktadır. Diğer yandan AMG testi ise
Brezilya, Çin ve Türkiye’de elektrik tüketiminin; Rusya ve Çin’de dışa
açıklığın ve Hindistan’da da gelirin CO
2’yi artırdığını
göstermektedir. Bunlardan farklı olarak Çin’de gelir artışı, CO
2 değerlerinin
azalmasına yol açmaktadır. 

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ECONOMIC GROWTH, TRADE OPENNESS, ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL RELATIONSHIP IN BRIC-T COUNTRİES: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

Year 2019, Volume: 37 Issue: 4, 675 - 701, 31.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.456607

Abstract

With the transition from
the agricultural society to the industrial society, the production quantities
have caught up a rapid growth universally. In addition to industrialization,
factors such as urbanization and population growth have also played an
important role in changing supply and demand magnitudes. The use of more
natural resources and energy to increase production has affected ecological
balances negatively and has led to a decline in quality of life. However, after
reaching a certain level of income, countries are seeking solutions to reduce
the environmental problems. In this study, the relationships among to economic
growth, trade openness,  electricity
consumption and carbon dioxide emission (CO
2)are tested
using panel data analysis for BRIC-T countries over the period 1992-2014.
According to causality findings, there appears to be a bidirectional linkage between
income and CO
2 in the Russia. There is unidirectional causality from
the electricity consumption to CO
2 in the India and from the
openness to CO
2 in the Brazil. AMG test shows that electricity consumption
increases CO
2 in Brazil, China, and Turkey, trade openness increases
CO
2 in Russia, and China, income increases CO2 in the India.
Unlike these, the increase in income leads to the decrease in CO
2 in
the China.

References

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  • Apergis, N., J.E. Payne (2009), “CO2 emissions, energy usage, and output in Central America”, Energy Policy, 37, 3282-3286.
  • Apergis, N., İ. Öztürk (2015), “Testing Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in Asian Countries”, Ecological Indicators, (52), 16-22. Arı, A., F. Zeren (2011), “CO2 Emisyonu ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Panel Veri Analizi”, Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 18(2), 37-47.
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  • Blackburne, III. E.F., M.W. Frank (2007), “Estimation of nonstationary heterogeneous panels”, The Stata Journal, 7(2), 197-208.
  • Breusch T.S., A.R. Pagan (1980), “The Lagrange Multiplier Test and its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics”, Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-253.
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  • Delice, G., M. Mercan, S. Sezer (2012), Dış Borç Stokunun İhracat Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisine AB Ülkeleri ve Türkiye Perspektifinden Bir Bakış, http://teacongress.org/papers2012/DELICE-MERCANSEZER.pdf, E.T.:04.02.2018.
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  • Eberhardt, M., F. Teal (2010), Productivity Analysis in Global Manufacturing Production, Discussion Paper 515, Department of Economics, University of Oxford.
  • Eberhardt, M., F. Teal (2011), “Econometrics for Grumblers: A new look at the Literature on Crosscountry Growth Empirics”, Journal of Economic Surveys, 25, 109-155. Eberhardt, M. (2012), “Estimating Panel Time-Series Models with Heterogeneous Slopes, The Stata Journal, 12(1), 61-71.
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  • Ertugrul H.M., M. Cetin, F. Seker, E. Doğan (2016), “The Impact of Trade Openness on Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Evidence From The Top Ten Emitters Among Developing Countries”, Ecological Indicators, 67, 543-555.
  • Farhani, S., S. Mrizak, A. Chaibi, C. Rault (2014), “The Environmental Kuznets Curve and Sustainability: A Panel Data Analysis”, Energy Policy, 71, 189-198.
  • Gashi, J., E. Guma (2017), The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC): An Analysıs for the Balkans, 13th International Conference of ASECU, Durres, www.asecu.gr/files/13th_conf_files/13th-conf-asecu-proceedings.pdf, E.T.:01.02.2018.
  • Gönel, F.D. (2010), Kalkınma Ekonomisi, Ankara: Efil Yayınevi.
  • Grossman, G.M., A.B. Krueger (1991), Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Aggrement, NBER Working Paper No. 3914, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge.
  • Grossman, G.M., A.B. Krueger (1994), Economic Growth and the Environment, NBER Working Paper No. 4634, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge.
  • Grossman, G.M., A.B. Krueger (1995), “Economic Growth and the Environment”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(2), 353-377.
  • Haq, I.U., S. Zhu, M. Shafiq (2016), “Empirical Investigation of Environmental Kuznets Curve for Carbon Emission in Morocco”, Ecological Indicators, 67, 491-496.
  • Halıcıoğlu, F. (2009), “An Econometric study of CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, Income and Foreign Trade in Turkey”, Energy Policy, 37, 1156-1164.
  • Halkos, G.E. (2003), “Environmental Kuznets Curve for Sulfur: Evidence Using GMM Estimation and Random Coefficient Panel Data Models”, Environment and Development Economics, 8(4), 581-601.
  • Hanif, I., P. Gago-de-Santos (2017), “The Importance of Population Control and Macroeconomic Stability to Reducing Environmental Degradation: An Empirical Test of the Environmental Kuznets Curve for Developing Countries”, Environmental Development, 23, 1-9.
  • Holtz-Eakin, D., T.M. Selden (1992), Stoking The Fires? CO2 Emissions and Economic Growth, NBER Working Paper No. 4248, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge.
  • Kanjilal, K., S. Ghosh (2013), “Environmental Kuznet’s Curve for India: Evidence From Tests For Cointegration With Unknown Structural Breaks”, Energy Policy, 56, 509-515.
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There are 80 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

İbrahim Özmen 0000-0003-2632-4217

Mustafa Gerçeker

Mehmet Mucuk

Publication Date December 31, 2019
Submission Date August 31, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 37 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Özmen, İ., Gerçeker, M., & Mucuk, M. (2019). BRIC-T ÜLKELERİNDE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME, DIŞA AÇIKLIK, ELEKTRİK TÜKETİMİ VE ÇEVRE İLİŞKİSİNE YÖNELİK AMPİRİK BİR ÇALIŞMA. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 37(4), 675-701. https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.456607
AMA Özmen İ, Gerçeker M, Mucuk M. BRIC-T ÜLKELERİNDE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME, DIŞA AÇIKLIK, ELEKTRİK TÜKETİMİ VE ÇEVRE İLİŞKİSİNE YÖNELİK AMPİRİK BİR ÇALIŞMA. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. December 2019;37(4):675-701. doi:10.17065/huniibf.456607
Chicago Özmen, İbrahim, Mustafa Gerçeker, and Mehmet Mucuk. “BRIC-T ÜLKELERİNDE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME, DIŞA AÇIKLIK, ELEKTRİK TÜKETİMİ VE ÇEVRE İLİŞKİSİNE YÖNELİK AMPİRİK BİR ÇALIŞMA”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 37, no. 4 (December 2019): 675-701. https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.456607.
EndNote Özmen İ, Gerçeker M, Mucuk M (December 1, 2019) BRIC-T ÜLKELERİNDE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME, DIŞA AÇIKLIK, ELEKTRİK TÜKETİMİ VE ÇEVRE İLİŞKİSİNE YÖNELİK AMPİRİK BİR ÇALIŞMA. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 37 4 675–701.
IEEE İ. Özmen, M. Gerçeker, and M. Mucuk, “BRIC-T ÜLKELERİNDE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME, DIŞA AÇIKLIK, ELEKTRİK TÜKETİMİ VE ÇEVRE İLİŞKİSİNE YÖNELİK AMPİRİK BİR ÇALIŞMA”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 675–701, 2019, doi: 10.17065/huniibf.456607.
ISNAD Özmen, İbrahim et al. “BRIC-T ÜLKELERİNDE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME, DIŞA AÇIKLIK, ELEKTRİK TÜKETİMİ VE ÇEVRE İLİŞKİSİNE YÖNELİK AMPİRİK BİR ÇALIŞMA”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 37/4 (December 2019), 675-701. https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.456607.
JAMA Özmen İ, Gerçeker M, Mucuk M. BRIC-T ÜLKELERİNDE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME, DIŞA AÇIKLIK, ELEKTRİK TÜKETİMİ VE ÇEVRE İLİŞKİSİNE YÖNELİK AMPİRİK BİR ÇALIŞMA. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2019;37:675–701.
MLA Özmen, İbrahim et al. “BRIC-T ÜLKELERİNDE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME, DIŞA AÇIKLIK, ELEKTRİK TÜKETİMİ VE ÇEVRE İLİŞKİSİNE YÖNELİK AMPİRİK BİR ÇALIŞMA”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 37, no. 4, 2019, pp. 675-01, doi:10.17065/huniibf.456607.
Vancouver Özmen İ, Gerçeker M, Mucuk M. BRIC-T ÜLKELERİNDE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME, DIŞA AÇIKLIK, ELEKTRİK TÜKETİMİ VE ÇEVRE İLİŞKİSİNE YÖNELİK AMPİRİK BİR ÇALIŞMA. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2019;37(4):675-701.

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